Infection control, safety, first aid, and personal wellness Flashcards
(76 cards)
1
Q
What is the first component of the Chain of Infection?
A
Infectious Agent
2
Q
True or False: A reservoir is where the infectious agent lives and multiplies.
A
True
3
Q
Fill in the blank: The ________ is the path through which the infectious agent leaves the reservoir.
A
Exit Pathway
4
Q
What component of the Chain of Infection refers to the way the infectious agent is transmitted?
A
Means of Transmission
5
Q
Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission? A) Direct contact B) Airborne C) Immunization
A
C) Immunization
6
Q
What is the term for the person who is susceptible to the infectious agent?
A
Host
7
Q
True or False: A portal of entry is necessary for the infectious agent to enter a new host.
A
True
8
Q
What is the final component of the Chain of Infection?
A
Susceptible Host
9
Q
Fill in the blank: The Chain of Infection can be broken at any point to prevent ________.
A
Infection
10
Q
What type of infection occurs when the infectious agent is transmitted directly from one host to another?
A
Direct Transmission
11
Q
True or False: Vectors are living organisms that can transmit infectious agents.
A
True
12
Q
What is an example of a reservoir?
A
Humans, animals, or the environment
13
Q
Which of the following is a exit pathway? A) Skin B) Blood C) Respiratory secretions D) All of the above
A
D) All of the above
14
Q
What does the term ‘infectious agent’ refer to?
A
Pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites
15
Q
What is the role of a vector in the Chain of Infection?
A
To transport the infectious agent from one host to another
16
Q
Fill in the blank: The ________ is the process by which an infectious agent enters a new host.
A
Entry Pathway
17
Q
True or False: All individuals are equally susceptible to infections.
A
False
18
Q
What factors can influence a person’s susceptibility to infection?
A
Age, immune status, underlying health conditions
19
Q
Which component of the Chain of Infection includes factors like hygiene and sanitation?
A
Means of Transmission
20
Q
What is the significance of breaking the Chain of Infection?
A
It helps to prevent the spread of disease.
21
Q
Fill in the blank: Infections can be categorized as ________ or ________ based on their transmission.
A
communicable, non-communicable
22
Q
What is an example of an indirect mode of transmission?
A
Touching contaminated surfaces
23
Q
True or False: Immunization can reduce susceptibility to certain infections.
A
True
24
Q
What is the role of hand hygiene in the Chain of Infection?
A
To break the mode of transmission
25
Which component of the Chain of Infection can be influenced by public health measures?
All components
26
Fill in the blank: The ________ is essential for the spread of infection in a community.
Susceptible Host
27
What are the components of the Chain of Infection?
1. Infectious Agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of Exit
4. Means of Transmission
5. Entry Pathway
6. Susceptible Host
## Footnote
These components are crucial for understanding how infections spread and how to break the chain.
28
Define Infection.
Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms that cause injury and disease.
## Footnote
This definition emphasizes the biological aspect of infections.
29
What are Pathogens?
Disease causing microbes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoans.
## Footnote
Pathogens are the agents responsible for causing infections.
30
What are Communicable infections?
Infections that spread from person to person.
## Footnote
This highlights the transmissibility of certain infections.
31
What are Nosocomial infections and HAIs?
Infections caused by infected personnel, patients, visitors, food, drug, or equipment within healthcare settings.
## Footnote
HAIs stand for Healthcare-Associated Infections.
32
What is the definition of a Reservoir in the context of infection?
Source of an infectious agent where pathogens survive, grow, and multiply.
## Footnote
Reservoirs can include humans, animals, food, water, and contaminated equipment.
33
What is the Portal of Exit?
The way an infectious agent leaves the reservoir host, such as through exudates, blood, or excretions.
## Footnote
Understanding the portal of exit is vital for infection control.
34
List the means of transmission for infectious agents.
* Airborne
* Droplet
* Direct contact
* Indirect contact
* Vector
* Vehicle
## Footnote
These modes describe how infections can spread from one host to another.
35
What is the Entry Pathway in infection control?
The entry of an infectious agent to a susceptible host, such as through mucous membranes or body orifices.
## Footnote
This pathway is critical for understanding how infections can establish themselves in new hosts.
36
Who is considered a Susceptible Host?
Someone with decreased ability to resist infection, affected by factors like age, health, and immune status.
## Footnote
Identifying susceptible hosts helps target prevention strategies.
37
What are the main functions of an Infection Control Program?
* Protect patients, employees, and visitors from infection
* Screen employees for infectious diseases
* Provide evaluation and treatment for exposed healthcare workers
* Collect data on health workers at risk
## Footnote
These functions are essential for maintaining safety in healthcare settings.
38
What are effective measures in an Infection Control Program?
* Effective hand hygiene procedures
* Good nutrition
* Immunization
* Insect and pest control
* Isolation and decontamination
* Use of safety devices
* Wearing of PPE
* Proper disposal
## Footnote
These measures are fundamental to reducing infection risk.
39
What does PPE stand for?
Personal Protective Equipment.
## Footnote
PPE is essential for protecting healthcare workers from infection.
40
Define Proper Hand Hygiene.
Includes hand washing and hand antisepsis using alcohol-based antiseptics or soap and water.
## Footnote
Hand hygiene is the most critical way to prevent the spread of infections.
41
What is the purpose of Isolation Procedures?
To separate patients with transmissible infections from other patients and limit their contact with healthcare personnel and visitors.
## Footnote
Isolation helps prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings.
42
What are Blood Borne Pathogens (BBP)?
Infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans.
## Footnote
Understanding BBPs is essential for healthcare workers to minimize risk.
43
What is the significance of the Universal Precaution introduced by the CDC?
It considers all body fluids as potentially infectious to prevent the spread of BBP.
## Footnote
Universal Precautions were developed following reports of healthcare workers being infected with HIV.
44
What are the 5 main points of Standard Precaution?
* Wash hands when changing gloves and between patients
* Wear gloves when likely to touch body substances
* Wear protective cover when clothing is likely to be soiled
* Wear a mask and eye protection when likely to be splashed
* Place intact needle/syringe in designated sharp containers
## Footnote
These points aim to reduce the risk of infection transmission.
45
What is HBV?
Hepatitis B Virus, a major occupational hazard in the healthcare industry, which can survive in dried blood for up to a week.
## Footnote
Immunization against HBV has significantly decreased infection rates.
46
What is HCV known for?
It is the most widespread chronic blood borne illness with no vaccine available.
## Footnote
HCV was discovered in 1988 and is known as Non-A, Non-B hepatitis.
47
What does the Exposure Control Plan include?
* Engineering Controls
* Work Practice Controls
* Housekeeping
* HBV Vaccination
* Private Rooms
* PPE
## Footnote
These elements are designed to minimize exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
48
What should be done in case of a needle stick or sharps injury?
* Wash the site with soap and water for a minimum of 30 seconds
* Report the incident and seek medical evaluation
## Footnote
Prompt action is crucial to prevent infection.
49
What is the procedure for handling chemical spills?
* Use a special clay or chlorine-based powder to absorb the liquid
* Disinfect the area with alcohol or bleach
* Properly discard waste materials in a biohazard waste container
## Footnote
Following proper procedures ensures safety during chemical spills.
50
List the three methods for rendering waste non-infectious.
* Incineration
* Chemical treatment
* Autoclave
## Footnote
These methods are essential for safe waste disposal in healthcare settings.
51
What are the symptoms of latex allergy?
* Itchy irritations
* Redness
* Swelling
* Skin blisters
## Footnote
Symptoms can vary significantly among individuals.
52
What is the purpose of the grinding process in waste management?
Renders the waste unusable
## Footnote
This process ensures that waste material is effectively dealt with.
53
What are the conditions under which waste material is placed in the autoclave?
Steaming under high pressure at 15psi, 121°C for 15 minutes
## Footnote
This process is crucial for killing infectious organisms.
54
What are the initial symptoms of latex allergy?
* Itchy irritations
* Redness
* Swelling
* Thickened skin
* Pimples or skin blisters that ooze
## Footnote
Symptoms can vary significantly between individuals.
55
What is a key preventive measure for latex allergy?
Eliminate exposure
## Footnote
There is no cure for latex allergy, making prevention critical.
56
What should you do first if there is a fire?
Pull the nearest fire alarm
## Footnote
This action alerts others and initiates emergency response.
57
What are the dos when responding to a fire?
* Call the fire department
* Attempt to extinguish a small fire
* Close all doors and windows if leaving the area
* Smother a clothing fire with a fire blanket
* Crawl to the nearest exit if there is heavy smoke present
## Footnote
These actions can help ensure safety during a fire emergency.
58
What should you not do during a fire emergency?
* Panic
* Run
* Use the elevator
## Footnote
Remaining calm and following safety protocols is essential.
59
What are the components of fire?
* Fuel (combustible material)
* Heat (raises the temp of material)
* Oxygen (maintains combustion)
* Chemical Reaction (produces the fire)
## Footnote
These components are often referred to as the fire tetrahedron.
60
What are the principles in radiation exposure?
* Distance
* Shielding
* Time
## Footnote
These principles help minimize radiation exposure risks.
61
What is the risk of radiation exposure for pregnant employees?
Radiation is fetal to fetus; pregnant employees should avoid areas displaying the radiation symbol
## Footnote
This is crucial for fetal safety.
62
What is the important chemical safety rule regarding acid?
ALWAYS ADD THE ACID TO THE OTHER LIQUID
## Footnote
This rule helps prevent dangerous reactions.
63
What are some general rules for chemical safety?
* Always wear proper protective clothing
* Use proper chemical cleanup materials
* Never store chemicals above eye level
* Never add water to acid
* Never mix chemicals indiscriminately
* Never store chemicals in unlabeled containers
* Never pour chemicals into dirty containers
* Never use chemicals in unintended ways
## Footnote
These rules help ensure safety when handling chemicals.
64
What must employers provide for hazardous chemicals in the workplace?
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
## Footnote
MSDS must be readily accessible to employees.
65
What information is included in an MSDS?
* Product ID
* Hazardous Ingredients
* Physical Data
* Fire & Exposure Hazard Data
* Reactive Data
* Health Hazard Data
* Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
* Control Measures
## Footnote
This information is critical for safe chemical handling.
66
What are common symptoms of shock?
* Pale, cold, clammy skin
* Rapid, weak pulse
* Increased shallow breathing rate
* Expressionless face and staring eyes
## Footnote
These symptoms indicate insufficient return of blood flow to the heart.
67
What is the first aid response for a victim in shock?
* Maintain an open airway
* Call for assistance
* Keep victim lying down with head lower than the rest of the body
* Attempt to control bleeding
* Keep the victim warm until help arrives
## Footnote
Fluids should not be given if the patient is unconscious or has injuries requiring surgery.
68
What organization certifies CPR training and BLS?
American Heart Association
## Footnote
They provide guidelines and certification for basic life support.
69
What is the validity period of CPR certification?
2 years
## Footnote
Regular recertification is important for maintaining skills.
70
What are the five steps in the AHA ECC Adult Chain of Survival?
* Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system
* Early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions
* Rapid defibrillation
* Effective advanced life support
* Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
## Footnote
These steps are crucial for improving survival rates after cardiac arrest.
71
What is a holistic approach to proper wellness?
Requires considering physical, mental, and emotional health
## Footnote
A holistic approach promotes overall well-being.
72
What impacts proper nutrition?
Keeps us alive and provides energy for daily functioning
## Footnote
Nutrition plays a vital role in overall health.
73
What is the recommendation for daily exercise to prevent colon cancer?
At least one hour of brisk walking or similar exercise
## Footnote
Regular physical activity is essential for health.
74
What is a common cause of workplace lower back injuries?
Improper lifting and poor posture habits
## Footnote
20% of healthcare lower back injuries occur in the workplace.
75
What is stress management?
Results from physical, chemical, or emotional factors causing tension
## Footnote
Managing stress is crucial for mental and physical health.
76
What are some ways to control stress?
* Identify and talk about the problem
* Learn to relax
* Exercise regularly
* Avoid making too many changes at once
* Spend time planning
* Set realistic goals
* Avoid procrastination
## Footnote
These strategies can help manage stress effectively.
