Infection Drugs

Question 1

Antibiotics that interfere with cell wall synthesis

Answer 1

Beta lactams

Glycopeptides

Question 2

Antibiotics that interfere with protein synthesis

Answer 2

Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides

Question 3

Antibiotics that interfere with nucleic acid synthesis

Answer 3

Quinolones
Trimethoprim
Rifampicin

Question 4

Cefalexin drug class

Answer 4

Cephalosporin

Question 5

Cefalexin mechanism of action

Answer 5

Binds to penicillin binding proteins and disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis leading to bacterial cell lysis and death.

Question 6

Cefalexin indications

Answer 6

Pneumonia
Meningitis
UTI
Sinusitis

Question 7

Cefalexin ADR

Answer 7

GI upset
Dizziness
Headache
Skin reactions

Question 8

Cefalexin cautions

Answer 8

Renal impairment

Question 9

Cefalexin DDI

Answer 9

Loop diuretics
Gentamicin
Penicillins

Question 10

Macrolide examples

Answer 10

Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Azithromycin

Question 11

Macrolide mechanism of action

Answer 11

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by an effect on ribosomal translocation

Question 12

Macrolide indications

Answer 12

Bone and joint infections 
Pneumonia 
UTI
Bacterial meningitis 
Atypical respiratory pathogens

Question 13

Macrolide cautions

Answer 13

May aggregate myasthenia gravis

Prolongs QT interval

Question 14

Macrolide ADR

Answer 14

Electrolyte imbalance 
GI upset 
Headache
Pancreatitis 
Decrease in appetite

Question 15

Macrolide DDI

Answer 15

Other antibiotics

Atorvastatin

Question 16

Penicillin examples

Answer 16

Amoxicillin
Flucloxacillin
Co-amoxiclav

Question 17

What is co-amoxiclav ?

Answer 17

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid which is a beta lactamase inhibitor
Beta lactamase is an enzyme used by certain bacteria to breakdown beta lactam antibiotics

Question 18

Penicillin indications

Answer 18

Bacterial meningitis 
Bone and joint infections 
Skin and soft tissue infections
Otitis media
UTI
STI

Question 19

Penicillin mechanism of action

Answer 19

They bind to penicillin binding protein on bacteria. They then inhibit the transpeptidation enzyme which links peptidoglycan chains to form the rigid cell wall. This causes a disruption in the cell wall structure.

Question 20

Penicillin caution

Answer 20

Allergies

Question 21

Penicillin ADR

Answer 21

GI upset
Skin reactions
Thrombocytopenia

Question 22

Penicillin DDI

Answer 22

Methotrexate
Other antibiotics
Phenytoin

Question 23

Quinolone example

Answer 23

Ciprofloxacin

Question 24

Quinolone mechanism of action

Answer 24

Inhibit topoisomerase II which is an enzyme that produces a negative supercoil and therefore permits transcription or replication.

Question 25

Quinolone indications

Answer 25

Complicated UTI Gonorrhoea Pseudomonas aeruginosa cover

Question 26

Quinolones ADR

Answer 26

GI upset Skin reactions Aortic dissection Headache

Question 27

Tetracycline examples

Answer 27

Doxycycline | Tetracycline

Question 28

Tetracycline mechanism of action

Answer 28

Bind to bacterial ribosomes and prevent binding of tRNA. This prevents the initiation of protein synthesis

Question 29

Tetracycline indications

Answer 29

Respiratory tract infections Acne Chlamydia Lyme disease

Question 30

Tetracycline cautions

Answer 30

Shouldn’t be given to children under 12, in pregnancy or breastfeeding people as it cuases staining of developing teeth

Question 31

Tetracycline ADR

Answer 31

Angioedema GI upset Skin reactions Photosensitivity reactions

Question 32

Trimethoprim mechanism of action

Answer 32

It reversibly inhibits dihydrofolate reductase which is responsible for the production of an acid essential for the biosynthesis of bacterial nucleic acids and proteins

Question 33

Trimethoprim indications

Answer 33

UTI

Question 34

Trimethoprim drug class

Answer 34

Folate antagonist

Question 35

Metronidazole mechanism of action

Answer 35

Not completely established however it is though it blocks nucleic acid synthesis

Question 36

Metronidazole caution

Answer 36

Has disulfiram like actions so must avoid alcohol when using

Question 37

What is metronidazole used against ?

Answer 37

Anaerobic bacteria and Protozoa

Question 38

Nitrofurantoin drug class

Answer 38

Nitrofuran

Question 39

Nitrofurantoin indications

Answer 39

UTI

Question 40

Aciclovir drug class

Answer 40

DNA polymerase inhibitor

Question 41

Aciclovir mechanism of action

Answer 41

Inhibits DNA polymerase in viruses

Question 42

Aciclovir indications

Answer 42

Herpes simplex infections - genital herpes and encephalitis | Varicella zoster - chicken pox and shingles

Question 43

Aciclovir ADR

Answer 43

Angioedema Drowsiness Dysarthria

Question 44

Metronidazole ADR

Answer 44

Dry mouth Skin reactions Nausea