Infection in Acute Care: Evidence for Practice in American Journal of Nursing Oct 2019 Flashcards
As a result of a 2015 survey, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified which of the following as the most common health care–associated infection?
a. pneumonia
b. surgical site infection
c. gastrointestinal (GI) tract infection
a. pneumonia
One risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is treatment with which of the following types of drugs?
a. antihistamines
b. gastric acid–suppressing agents
c. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
b. gastric acid-suppressing agents
Which of the following methods of diagnosing CAP has the highest diagnostic sensitivity?
a. chest radiography
b. assessment of clinical symptoms
c. chest computed tomography
c. CT
Current guidelines for patients with CAP hospitalized in a non-ICU setting include treatment with either a respiratory fluoroquinolone or a combination of a β-lactam and a
a. macrolide.
b. sulfonamide.
c. cephalosporin.
a. macrolide
In cases of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the patient should also receive vancomycin or
a. azithromycin.
b. clindamycin.
c. linezolid.
c. linezolid
Even though the evidence isn’t compelling, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)/American Thoracic Society guidelines for hospital-acquired pneumonia strongly recommend antibiotic therapy for how many days?
7
10
14
7
For diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia, culturing which of the following specimen types is recommended?
a. bronchoscopic
b. endotracheal suction tube
c. mini-bronchoalveolar lavage
b. ET suction tube, not bronchwash
Modifiable risk factors for surgical site infections (SSIs) include
a. a recent skin infection.
b. a history of radiotherapy.
c. preoperative hypoalbuminemia.
c. preoperative hypoalbuminemia
Which of the following strategies is recommended for preventing SSIs?
a. achieving glucose control
b. shaving the surgical site
c. maintaining mild hypothermia perioperatively
a. glucose control
Further recommendations for preventing SSIs include implementing
a. the use of silver-containing dressings.
b. topical wound antibiotic treatment.
c. preoperative chlorhexidine bathing.
c. preoperative chlorhexidine bathing
Once an SSI is diagnosed, treatment recommendations include
a. initiating wound vacuum therapy.
b. opening the wound to allow drainage.
c. replacing sutures or staples with antibiotic sutures.
b. opening the wound to allow drainage
According to Stevens and Bryant, surgical patients at greatest risk for necrotizing fasciitis include those who have
a. a family history of chronic disease.
b. had a previous wound infection.
c. sustained traumatic wounds.
c. sustained traumatic wounds
Clinical manifestations of necrotizing fasciitis include
a. numbness.
b. skin bullae.
c. evisceration.
b. skin bullae
One of the top 3 risk factors for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is
a. antibiotic use.
b. GI manipulation.
c. longer lengths of stay.
a. antibiotics
Risk factors for recurrence of CDI include
a. male sex.
b. chronic kidney disease.
c. the use of statins within 90 days of diagnosis.
b. CKD
