infection r

Question 1

what is impetigo caused by

Answer 1

bacterial infection

usually staph A

Question 2

presentation of impetigo

Answer 2

pustules and honey coloured erosions - golden crust

extremely infectious

Question 3

treatment of impetigo

Answer 3

topical fusidic acid

oral antibiotic if it persists - flucloxacillin

Question 4

complications of impetigo

Answer 4

cellulitis
sepsis
staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome
scarlet fever

Question 5

what is staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome

Answer 5

skin condition caused by Staph A

Staph a produces toxins that break down proteins in the skin

Question 6

presentation of SSSS

Answer 6

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patches of erythema 
bullae that burst 
sore red skin 
nikolsky sign 
fever 
irritability 
lethergy 
dehydration

Question 7

what is nikolsky sign

Answer 7

gentle rubbing of skin causes peeling

Question 8

management of SSSS

Answer 8

IV antibiotics

fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 9

what is molluscum contagiosum

Answer 9

benign and self limiting skin condition caused by molluscum contagiosum virus

Question 10

presentation of molluscum contagiosum

Answer 10

pearly/fleshy papules with an umbilicated centre
appear in groups
often with eczema

Question 11

how is molluscum contagiosum spread and what is the incubation period

Answer 11

close contacts

2wks-6months

Question 12

management of molluscum contagiosum

Answer 12

self resolves within 18 months
lifestyle advice to prevent spread

in some cases:
5% potassium hydroxide
surgical removal
cryotherapy

Question 13

what causes viral warts

Answer 13

HPV

Question 14

presentation of viral warts

Answer 14

papilomatous warts with finger like projections (also known as verrucas)
usually on hands and feet but can be anywhere

Question 15

how do you manage viral warts

Answer 15

they are benign so don’t need treatment

can alert immune system to the virus by using salicylic acid, cryrotherapy, oral zinc

Question 16

what is viral exanthemas

Answer 16

an eruptive widespread rash

associated with viral illness

Question 17

what could viral exanthemas be caused by

Answer 17

measles
scarlet fever
rubella
erythema infectiosum 
rosella

Question 18

other names for erythema infectiosum

Answer 18

slapped cheek disease

parvovirus

Question 19

presentation of slapped cheek disease

Answer 19

viral symptoms

erythematous rash that starts on cheeks and spreads to trunk and limbs

Question 20

management of slapped cheek disease

Answer 20

self limiting
symptoms resolve in 1-2 weeks
rash can take 6 weeks to clear

Question 21

what is a rare complication of slapped cheek disease

Answer 21

aplastic crisis

Question 22

what causes chicken pox

Answer 22

primary infection by varicella zoster virus

Question 23

incubation period for chicken pox

Answer 23

10-21 days

it is highly contagious

Question 24

presentation of chicken pox

Answer 24

red papules that progress to vesicles then crust over
usually starts on face and trunk
itchy
viral symptoms like fever, fatigue, malaise

Question 25

when does chicken pox stop being infectious

Answer 25

when the lesions scab over

Question 26

how do you manage chicken pox

Answer 26

self limiting antihistamines and calamine lotion to relieve itch aciclovir for higher risk patients

Question 27

what causes hand, foot and mouth disease

Answer 27

enterovirus - coxsackie A

Question 28

presentation of hand foot and mouth disease

Answer 28

URTI symptoms - tired, sore throat, dry cough blisters on hands, feet and mouth painful ulcers on tongue

Question 29

management of hand foot and mouth disease

Answer 29

self limiting in 7-10 days | supportive management

Question 30

presentation of orofacial granulomatosis

Answer 30

lip swelling and fissures | oral mucosal lesions - ulcers, tags, cobblestone appearance

Question 31

what can cause orofacial granulomatosis

Answer 31

chrons - carry out investigations | benzoate allergies

Question 32

management of orofacial granulomatosis

Answer 32

recommend benzoate and cinnamate free diet

Question 33

what is erythema nodosum

Answer 33

painful subcutaneous nodules caused by inflammation of fat | mostly on shins

Question 34

what can cause erythema nodosum

Answer 34

``` it is hypersensitivity mediated common causes: IBD strep sarcoidosis OCP penicillin ```

Question 35

management for erythema nodosum

Answer 35

identify and treat cause NSAIDs topical steroids

Question 36

what is dermatitis herpetiformis

Answer 36

rare dematological condition linked to coeliac disease

Question 37

presentation of dermatitis herpetiformis

Answer 37

clusters of blisters - usually on knees, elbows, scalp. buttocks

Question 38

investigations for dermatitis herpetiformis

Answer 38

coeliac screen | biopsy

Question 39

management of dermatitis herpetiformis

Answer 39

emollients gluten free diet topical steroids dapsone if hard to control

Question 40

what is urticaria

Answer 40

eruption of wheals/hives that lasts from a few minutes to 24 hrs can have angioedema acute lasts <6months

Question 41

causes of urticaria

Answer 41

``` infection is most common cause drug allergy NSAIDS opiates vaccinations ```

Question 42

management of urticaria

Answer 42

remove trigger antihistamines at 3x standard dose fexofenadine for chronic urticaria