Infections Flashcards
(50 cards)
1
Q
2 month vaccines
A
6-1 vaccine ( diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, HIb, Hep B)
- Men B
- Rota virus
2
Q
Live vaccines
A
- MMR
- BCG
- Nasal influenza
- Rota virus
- Chicken pox
3
Q
CI to live vaccines
A
- Immunocompromised patients
4
Q
Cx of meningitis
A
- gram negative diploccoci nesseria meningitis or strep pneumonia, Strep B
- Bacteria causes infection in the blood stream causing disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (small clots in vessels) causing subcutaneous haemorrhages
5
Q
Most common Cx in baby
A
Group B strep - from mothers vagina
6
Q
Sx of meningitis
A
- Photophobia, temp, vomitng, neck stiffness, non blanching rash, seizures
- Bulging fontanelle, hypotonia, poor feeding, lethargy, hypothermia
7
Q
Ix of meningitis
A
- LP - CI in meningococcal sepsis
- viral PCR
- CT or MRI
8
Q
Special tests for meningitis
A
kernigs test - Trying to flex hips when knee is exteneded casues pain
- Brudzinskis test - involuntary flexion of the legs when head is lifted
- Both show signs of meningeal irritation
9
Q
Mx of meningitis
A
< 3 months - Cefotaxamine plus amoxicillin
> 3 months - ceftriaxone
- Dexamethasone to prevent cerebral oedema - do not give if <3 months
- If in community - IM or oral benzylpen
10
Q
LP results - Bacteria
A
Bacteria
- cloudy, low glucose, high protein, high neutrophils
11
Q
LP results - viral
A
Viral
- clear, normal glucose, low protein, high lymphocytes
12
Q
Cx of encephalitis
A
- Viral most common
- HSV 1 and HSV 2
- VZV, chicken pox, mono
13
Q
Sx of encephalitis
A
- Altered consciousness, cognition, unusual behaviour, focal neurological sx, seizures, fever
14
Q
Ix for encephalitis
A
- LP - viral PCR
- CT, MRI, EEG, Bloods,
15
Q
Mx of encephalitis
A
- IV acyclovir
16
Q
Cx of glandular fever/mono
A
- EBV spread by saliva
17
Q
Sx of mono
A
- Fever, sore throat, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, tonsillar enlargement,
- Spleomegaly
18
Q
What drugs cx a rash when EBV present
A
- Amoxicillin/penicillins
19
Q
Mx of mono
A
- Conservative, bed rest, fluids, no contact
20
Q
Cx of mumps
A
- Viral infection spread by respiratory droplets
- Self limiting lasting a week
- Vaccine gives 80% immunity
21
Q
Sx of mumps
A
- Flu like prodrome sx
- parotid gland swelling
22
Q
Severe complications of mumps
A
- Meningitis, orchitis, pancreatitis, hearing loss
23
Q
Mx of mumps
A
- Supportive
- Vaccine
24
Q
Cx of scarlet fever
A
- Bacterial infection that develops in people who have strep throat
- Strep pyogenes (A)
25
Sx of scarlet fever
- Sore throat, high fever, rash all over body (usually at face and neck first)
- flushed face with pale ring around mouth
- strawberry tongue
26
Mx of scarlet fever
- Oral penicillin for 10 days - give azithromycin if allergy
- return to school after 24hrs of AB
27
Sx of parvovirus B19
Sx - sore throat, abdo pain, runny nose
Red rash on face that spreads to trunk - usually at the end of the illness
28
Mx of parvovirus B19
- Supportive
29
What causes thread worms
- Enterobius vermicularis
- sharing clothes, bed sheets, close contact
Sx - peri anal itching worse at night
- girls can have vulval involvement
Mx - Whole family has one dose of mebendazole
30
Sx of thread worms
- Peri anal itching worse at night
- Girls can have vulval involvement
31
Mx of thread worms
Mebendazole - Whole family has one dose
32
Cx of sepsis
- Infection triggers release of cytokines and inflammatory mediators, triggering the release of nitric oxide which causes vasodilation
- Cytokinese cause vessels to become more permeable allowing blood to leak, causing tissues to lack perfusion - causing anerobix respiration, increasing lactate
33
Sx of neonatal sepsis
- GRUNTING, fever, hypotonia, crying, poor feeding, cyanosis...
*Pre term birth big risk factor*
34
Ix for sepsis
- Lactate, urine, cultures
35
Mx of sepsis
- Fluids, AB, oxygen
- Alert senior
- IV benzylpenicilin and Gent 1st line
36
Cx of measles
- RNA virus
37
Sx of measles
- Prodromal phase - coryzal sx
- White spots in buccal mucosa, macropapular rash behind ears then whole body
38
Complications of measles
- Ottis media, encephalitis
**Pneumonia
39
Mx of measles
- Supportive
- Vaccine
40
What are Febrile convulsions
- Seizures associated with a a fevered not due to any underlying cause
- Occur between 6 months and 5 years - very common
41
Sx of febrile convulsions
- tonic clonic seizures without focal symptoms
- pallor
- cyanosis
- LOC
*Don't last longer than 10 mins
* Full recovery within 1 hour
42
Ix for febrile convulsions
- Clinical diagnosis
- check temp, neuro,
- Bloods of necessary - rule out infection
43
Mx of febrile convulsions
- monitor
- Check airway and breathing
- keep safe when seizing
Mx - buccal midazolam or rectal diazepam
44
What causes hand, foot and mouth disease
Coxackies A16 OR enterovirus 71
45
Sx and Mx of hand, foot and mouth
- fever, sore throat, unwell
- painful mouth ulcers
- red spots or blisters on hands, legs or feet
Mx - conservative
46
Head lice mx
- Wet combing and malathion for infected person
47
Roseola infantum Px
- High fever, which resolves before rash
- Rash in trunk and limbs, not painful
- febrile convulsions common
48
Mother not given AB for group B strep during labour mx for child
- observation for 24 hrs
49
What vaccines are given at 12 months
Hib/Men C
Men B
MMR
Pneumococcal
50
VZV/ chicken pox Mx
Mx - Calamine lotion for itch
*At risk of Strep A infection including necrotising fasciitis - strep pyogenes
