Respiratory Flashcards
(32 cards)
Acute asthma management
- Oxygen
- Bronchodilators (inhaled or nebs) Salbutamol, ipratropium bromide, mag sulphate, aminophyline
Steroids - inhaled or IV for all kids with flare up
Antibiotics
PCO2 normal is life threatening
Kartagenrs syndrome
Autosomal recessive disorder affecting cilia
*Triad:
* Paranasal sinusitis
* Bronchiectasis
* Situs Inversus
-
What is bronchiolitis and Cx
- Inflammation and infection in the bronchioles
- Very common in winter
- Kids under 1
Cx - RSV
Sx of bronchiolitis
- Rhinorrea, sneezing, resp distress, dyspnoea, tachy, poor feeding mild fever
- Expiratory wheeze and crackles**
Sx of resp distress
- Head bobbing, nasal flaring, intercostal recession, subcostal recession, tracheal tug, cyanosis
Mx of bronchiolitis
- conservative
- 02 if sats drop below 92
- NG or IV support
What is viral induced wheeze
Cx of it
- Acute wheeze illness caused by an infection usually RSV and rhinovirus >1 yo
- Infection causes bronchospasm
Sx of viral wheeze
- SOB, resp distress,
- Expiratory wheeze throughout the chest
**NO crackles
Mx of viral wheeze
- SABA 1st line
- Steroids and montelukast
- Oxygen if sats drop below 92
What is Croup
- Upper respiratory infection causing oedema in the larynx
- Affects kids from 6 months to 2 years
- Responds to treatment in 48hrs
Cx of croup
- Parainfluenza virus***
- Adenovirus
- RSV
Sx of croup
- Increase work of breathing, horse voice, stridor, low grade fever
- Barking cough in clusters
- More common in autumn
Mx of croup
- Single dose oral dexamethasone
- sit upright
- nebulised adrenaline
Cx of epiglottitis
- Inflammation and infection of the epiglottis causing swelling that can completely occlude he airway
- Haem influenza***
- Rare due to vaccination
Sx of epiglottitis
- Fever, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and feeding, drooling, stridor
Ix of epiglottitis
- Lateral radio graph - thumb printing
Mx of epiglottitis
- Get help - ENT, anaesthetics, paeds
- Secure airway - do not try and examine the mouth
- IV ceftriaxone
- IV dexamethasone
- Hib B vaccine
What is whooping cough
Cx
- Upper viral respiratory infection
- women and children vaccinated against pertussis
Cx - Bordatella pertussis
Sx of whooping cough
- Severe coughing fits - child struggles to breath and can vomit
- Rhinorrhea, dry cough, mild fever
- Pneumothorax, fainting or vomit when coughing so hard
Ix for whooping cough
- nasal swap culture
- viral PCR
Mx of whooping cough
- Azithromycin or clarithromycin if cough within 21 days
- Supportive mx
*Notifiable disease
What is kartageners syndrome
Sx
Autosomal recessive disorder affecting cilia
*Triad:
* Paranasal sinusitis
* Bronchiectasis
* Situs Inversus
What is Laryngomalacia and sx
- Floppy larynx during inspiration
- 4-6 weeks old
Sx - inspiratory stridor, worse on lying flat
Tracheomalacia
- Floppy trachea
Sx - expiratory stridor
