Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OTC > Infections and Infestations > Flashcards

Infections and Infestations Flashcards

1
Q

What are symptoms of threadworms?

A

Itching around the anus
Disturbed sleep
Actually seeing the threadworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are threadworms contracted?

A

They are contracted when the patient swallows the female eggs. This can be contracted from eating undercooked meat, sharing bedding or toys with an infected person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are threadworms most commonly found with children?

A

Have poor personal hygiene. Often will scratch around the anus and then put their hands in their mouth which causes an reinfection and continuation of the cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some of the alarm symptoms of threadworms?

A 
If the child is under 2 
Rectal bleeding 
Failure of OTC product 
Recently travelled abroad 
Repeated infestation
If the patient has any medical conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What OTC product is available for threadworms?

A

Mebendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What dose of Mebendazole is recommended?

A

100mg and then repeated 2 weeks later

All household members are required to have this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who is excluded from taking mebendazole?

A

Pregnant women and infants under 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lifestyle advice for dealing with threadworms?

A

Rigorous cleaning measures for 6 weeks
Dust with a damp cloth and hoover daily
Washing hands before meals and after nappy changes (scrub under the nails)
Wear underwear and night to prevent scratching
Shower and wash the anus
Clean toys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Do children need to be off school with nits or threadworms?

A

No but the school should be alerted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the alarm symptoms for head lice?

A 
The lice have not been seen 
Crusty, yellow scalp 
Patient has a skin condition 
Repeated infestation 
Failure of OTC product
Resistant to product is suspected 
Patient is asthmatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three treatment options for head lice?

A

Malathion
Permethrin
Dimeticone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How long is each treatment required to be on the hair?

A

Malathion: 12 hours
Permethrin: 8-12 hours
Dimeticone: 8 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What counselling advice is required for head lice?

A

2-3 days after the treatment, wet combing is required to see if it is successful
Repeat treatment 7 days later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does scabies occur?

A

Scabies is caused by a parasite burrowing into the skin and laying eggs which hatch in 14 days after the parasite is first present under the skin.

It is passed on by close contact with an infected person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the main symptoms of scabies?

A

Intense itching particularly at night

A rash that usually appears firstly between the fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the referral symptoms for scabies?

A

Child is under 2
Patient is receiving treatment for another skin condition
Long term health conditions are also present
Repeated infestations
Compromised immune system
Widespread rash
Scratching has led to broken skin

17
Q

What treatment options are available for scabies?

A

Permethrin 5% cream or Malathion

18
Q

How would you counsel a patient for treatment of scabies?

A

Apply the cream all over the body and leave on for 8-12 hours and then rinse with a bath or shower.
Ensure all household members do this.
Repeat in a weeks time

19
Q

What are the two types of Herpes Simplex?

A

Type 1: Cold sores

Type 2: Genital herpes

20
Q

Describe the timeline of a cold sore.

A

Prodromal phase: patient experiences tingling on their lip.
The cold sore then begins to appear firstly as a red patch and then it fills with fluid before it bursts and blisters over.

21
Q

What is the time scale of a cold sore?

A

7-10 days

22
Q

How is HSV1 spread?

A

Via the saliva of an infected person. Often contracted in childhood and then stays dormant until it is reactivated later in life.

23
Q

What are some of the referral symptoms of a cold sore?

A 
The cold sore is not on the lips or they are inside of the mouth
The cold sore is weeping 
Very frequent reappearance 
Blisters are spreading 
Patient is on other medication 
Large number at once
Other symptoms 
No obvious cause
24
Q

How do aciclovir and penciclovir work?

A

Inhibit the enzymes involved in the virus and speed up the healing process.

25
Q

When should aciclovir and penciclovir be applied?

A

In the prodromal phase

26
Q

What triggers cold sores to reappear?

A

Menstrual cycle
Spending lots of time in the sun
Stress
Feeling run down

27
Q

What two organisms cause fungal infections?

A

Dermatophytes or yeast

28
Q

What conditions are dermatophytes responsible for?

A

Athlete’s foot, Ringworm and Fungal nail infections

29
Q

What are some of the symptoms of Athlete’s foot?

A

The skin breaking and weeping
Usually occurs between the crack between the fourth and fifth toe due to the warm, moist conditions
Red, itchy and sore skin
Skin may smell
Can be spread across the foot and to the nail if left untreated

30
Q

When should you refer to the Pharmacist with Athlete’s foot?

A 
If the infection is producing pus, bleeding and weeping 
It is causing pain
Elderly patient 
Young child 
Patient has other medical conditions 
Failure of OTC product
31
Q

What are the two treatments for Athlete’s foot and give OTC examples.

A

Imidazoles: Miconazole, Clotrimazole and Ketoconazole

Allylamines: Terbinafine

32
Q

What lifestyle advice would you provide to somebody with Athlete’s foot? (Similar for Fungal Nail infection)

A 
Avoid sharing towels
Good foot hygiene (wash them daily)
Breathable shoes 
Change socks daily
Dusting powder in socks and shoes
33
Q

Are creams or ointments best for Athlete’s foot?

A

Creams

34
Q

What are some of the symptoms of fungal nail infection?

A

The nail becomes thickened and changes colour
It can be lifted from the nail bed, eventually crumbles away
Nail changes shape
Essentially it can change in colour, texture and shape.
Normally this begins at the tip of the nail

35
Q

What are some of the referral symptoms for fungal nail infections?

A 
Young child
 Toe is bleeding/ discharge from the nail
Patient is on other medication
Patient has a medical condition
Repeated infection
Spread to other toes 
Trauma to the nails 
Fingernails are affected
More than 50% of the nail is affected
OTC failure
36
Q

What treatment option is available for fungal nail infections?

A

Amorolfine laquer is used. Painted onto the affected toe like nail vanish once a week.
May have to be used for up to 12 months.

37
Q

What are the key symptoms of ring worm?

A

A red rash that resembles a circular shape.
Less red at the centre in comparison to the outside
Rings may be feel raised to touch
Patches can be itchy
Patches can grow and merge together

38
Q

What symptoms of ring worm would you refer to a Pharmacist for?

A

If the rash is on the hands or face or torso
If the rash is cracked or bleeding
More than two patches of ringworm

39
Q

What treatments can be used for ringworm?

A

Imidazole cream or Terbinafine cream

OTC (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions