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OTC > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two different types of cough?

A

Chesty/ productive cough: mucus is brought up

Dry cough: nothing is brought up

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2
Q

What are some of the referral symptoms for a cough?

A

Mucus is not clear
Blood in the mucus
Mucus is thin and frothy
Patient has chest pain

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3
Q

People suffering from what condition should always be referred if they have a cough?

A

Asthma

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4
Q

What are the three main types of treatments for over 12s?

A

Expectorants
Suppressants
Demulcents

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5
Q

How do demulcents work?

A

Demulcents coat the pharynx (part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity) and help to reduce soreness and irritation temporarily.

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6
Q

What type of medication would you recommend for each type of cough?

A

For a chesty cough: Expectorants and Demulcents
For a dry cough: Suppressants and Demulcents
For tickly/irritating coughs: Demulcents

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7
Q

What are some OTC examples of each of the different types of medications for coughs?

A

Expectorants: Guaifenensin
Suppressants: Dextromethorphan, Menthol, Diphendramine, Codeine
Demulcents: Simple linctus

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8
Q

What are possible side effects of cough medicines in children?

A

Increased sleeping problems and hallucinations

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9
Q

After how long should you refer somebody who has a persistent cough?

A

If it has lasted longer than 3 weeks

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10
Q

What are some examples of OTC medicines available to treat all types of coughs?

A

Unicough and Bronchostop

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11
Q

What lifestyle advice can you provide to patients with a cough?

A

Increase fluid intake
Rest as much as possible
Steam inhalation

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12
Q

How long do colds last?

A

Symptoms can be present from 2-14 days

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13
Q

What are some of the more uncommon symptoms of a cold?

A

Hoarseness
Mild fever
Headaches
Mild fatigue

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14
Q

What are alarm symptoms of a cold that require referral?

A 
Children 
Anyone with a weakened immune system 
Pregnant 
Fever
Rashes
Influenza symptoms 
Cold has lasted more than 2 weeks 
Difficulty breathing 
Sore throat longer than 5 days
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15
Q

What are some of the OTC medications available to help with congestion?

A 
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) 
Oxymetazoline (Vicks Sinex)
Paracetamol/ Pseudoephedrine/ Pholcodine (Day and Night nurse capsules). 
Xylometazoline hydrochloride (Otrivine spray)
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16
Q

What lifestyle advice would you recommend to someone who has a cold?

A

Rest
Drink plenty of fluids
Inhale steam
Warm drinks with lemon and honey

17
Q

What are the main types of treatments for a sore throat?

A

Benzocaine lozenges and spray
Lidocaine spray
Benzydamine

18
Q

What are the rules in regards to pseudoephedrine and ephedrine sales?

A

Can’t sell more than 720mg of pseduoephedrine or 180mg of ephedrine without a prescription
Can’t sell them together

19
Q

How does Hayfever occur?

A

When pollen enters the system, the body releases chemicals to fight the foreign matter. It is these chemicals that causes irritation and inflammation which causes the symptoms of Hayfever.

20
Q

What are some of the common symptoms of hayfever?

A
  • Watery, stingy eyes
  • Red eyes
  • Sneezing
  • Dry cough
  • Loss of smell
  • Shortness of breath and tightness around the chest
  • A headache
  • Itchy nose, eyes, and ears
  • Earache
21
Q

What are the alarm symptoms of hayfever?

A 
If the patient is a child
If they are pregnant or breastfeeding
OTC failure
Patient has a shortness of breath
Patient is taken medication or has other medical conditions
22
Q

What are the four main types of Hayfever relief treatment?

A

Anti histamines
Mast cell stabilisers
Corticosteroids
Allergen barriers

23
Q

What happens if too much corticosteroids cream is used?

A

The pigmentation of the skin can change
Bruising occurs more frequently
Skin is thinned

24
Q

Which medication can/can’t use when pregnant

A

Allergen barriers you can

Antihistamines you can’t

25
Q

What lifestyle advice can you give to somebody who suffers with hayfever?

A 
Keep windows and doors shut
Stay inside when the pollen count is high 
Avoid cutting grass
Wear sunglasses
Don't dry clothes outside
Vacuum regularly
26
Q

What are common side effects of mast cell stabilisers?

A

Nausea and joint pain

27
Q

What are some examples of non-drowsy anti-histamines?

A

Loratadine, Cetrizine and Fexofenadine

OTC (10 decks)

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