Flashcards in Infections of the Genito-Urinary Tract Deck (14)
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1
Why are females more vulnerable to infection with fecal bacteria?
- The urethra is shorter and nearer to the anus
- Due to the nature of intercourse
2
What is urethritis?
What is cystitis?
What is dysuria?
What is pyuria?
What is Pyelonephritis?
- Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra
- Cystitis in inflammation of the bladder
- Dysuria is painful urination
- Pyuria is urine that contained pus
- Pyelonephritis is kidney infection, characterised by fever and back pain
3
Most common UTI bacterias (three)
E.coli - gram negative rod
Proteus mirabilis - Gram negative pleomorphic rod - swarming motility
Staphylococcus saprophyticus - gram positive coccus
4
What is E.coli?
- E.coli is a gram-negative motile bacillus.
- Also causes GI-infections, but UTIs commonly caused by specific strains of E.coli known as UPEC.
- UPEC possesses potent adhesins for attachment to epithelium
5
In terms of UPEC Pilus adhesins, what is a type I pili and P-fimbriae?
Type I pili: Binds mannose receptors, common on glycoproteins in uroeputhelium
P-fimbriae: Binds to globobiose
6
What is Staphylococcus Saptophyticus?
- Gram positive - cocci
- Haemagglutinin key to attachment to cells
- Common cause of UTIs in young women
- Coagulase negative
- Nobobiocin resistant
- Most common in young women
7
How do we treat symptoms of UTI in the community? (dysuria etc...)
- Swift antibiotic treatment to prevent complications of kidney infection
- 3-day course in women, 7 day in men
- Common antibiotics include Nitrofurantoin, Ciprofloxacin, Penicillins and trimethoprim
8
How do we treat symptoms of UTI in the hospital?
- Similar to community but may require IV antibiotics
- Removal and changing of catheter and bag
- Resistant E.coli infections now treated with Plazomicin in USA - expected to come to UK soon.
9
How are UTIs transmitted?
Any form of sexual activity in which no barrier is used and exchange of fluid or contact with mucosal epithelium
10
Main organisms for:
1.) Gonorrhoea
2.) Chlamydia
3.) Syphilis
1.) Neisseria Gonnorhoea
2.) Chlamydia trachomatis
3.) Treponema Pallidum
11
N. gonorrhoeae pathogenesis (factors and components)
- Surface pili for attachment
- Opa proteins aid attachment
- Por proteins - nucleate actin aiding cell invasion
- Possesses IgA protease - aids survival inside host cells.
- If released into bloodstream - can disseminate infection to other sites fever, arthritis
- Co infection of HIV and N. gonorrhoea increases transmission of HIV by 500%
12
How is syphilis transmitted?
Syphilis is transmitted by sexual contact via minute skin abrasions
- Vertical transmission - cross placental: Congenital syphilis
13
Why is congenital syphilis significant?
Congenital syphilis can lead to still birth, birth deformities, silent infection (presents as facial and tooth deformities at 2 years)
14
