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MA: Chapter 31 - Asepsis > Infectious Components > Flashcards

Infectious Components Flashcards

1
Q

define NORMAL FLORA

A

cohabitation of pathogenic & nonpathogenic microorganisms to give immunity

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2
Q

list requirements for microorganisms to grow

A

oxygen, pH, temperature, nutrients, water, inhabitable host

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3
Q

what pH encourages microbial growth

A

> 6

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4
Q

what pH reduces microbial growth

A

< 6

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5
Q

benefit of having pH of 6

A

protects from invasion

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6
Q

list the 6 steps of the chain of infefction

A
  1. infectious agent
  2. reservoir
  3. portal of exit
  4. modes of transmission
  5. portals of entry
  6. susceptible host
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7
Q

describe the infectious agent stage

A

pathogen finds reservoir

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8
Q

give an example of infectious agent

A

bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites, rickettsiae

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9
Q

how do you break the infectious agent stage

A

disinfect, sterilize, sanitize

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10
Q

list examples of portals of exit

A
  • body secretions
  • excretions
  • respiratory droplets
  • blood/body fluids
  • direct/indirect contact
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11
Q

define modes of transmission stage

A

how microorganism goes from portal of exit to new host

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12
Q

how do you break the modes of transmission stage?

A

wear PPE, asepsis, dispose contaminated objects

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13
Q

give examples of portals of entry

A
  • ENT
  • eyes
  • intestine
  • reproductive tract
  • open wounds
  • skin breaks
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14
Q

how do you break the portal of entry stage

A

sterile technique, dispose sharps, cover wounds

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15
Q

list the steps of the infectious disease process

A
  1. incubation
  2. prodromal
  3. acute
  4. declining
  5. convalescent
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16
Q

describe the incubation stage of the infectious disease process

A

silent stage; ends when 1st s/s appears

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17
Q

describe the prodromal stage of the infectious disease process

A

1st onset of s/s & lasts 1-2 days

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18
Q

describe the acute stage of the infectious disease process

A

highest pnt of disease development & able to distinguish disease

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19
Q

describe the declining stage of the infectious disease process

A

sx subsides but still infected & health begins return to normal

20
Q

describe the convalescent stage of the infectious disease process

A

sx gone & pathogen mostly gone, pt regains strength & returns to OG health

21
Q

list methods of direct contact

A
  • contact w/infected person
  • bodily fluids
  • infected air
  • fomite
22
Q

describe BACTERIA

A

vary in morphology; doesn’t always = disease; single-celled w/no nucleus & organelles; organized by shape

23
Q

how does bacteria cause disease

A

in wrong body part/bloodstream/overpopulation –> feed off nutrients & release toxins to cause disease

24
Q

describe VIRUSES

A

smallest microorganism & only reproduces using host’s cells

25
list examples of viruses
HIV/AIDS, herpes, chicken pox, hepatitis, common cold
26
describe FUNGI
simple parasitic plants that are multi-cellular or single-cellular
27
how many fungi are in the human body & how many of them are pathogenic?
100 in body but only 10 pathogenic
28
list examples of fungi
- histoplasmosis - candida albicans - tinea pedis
29
what is multicellular fungi
mold
30
what is single-cellular fungi
yeast
31
what are the 3 types of parasites
protozoa, helminths, & ectoparasites
32
define PROTOZOA
single cell parasite w/nucleus & flagells
33
what conditions can be caused by protozoa
malaria, toxoplasmosis, trichomonas vaginalis
34
sx from protozoa
diarrhea, bowel infection, encephalitis
35
define HELMINTHS
multicellular parasite
36
list examples of helminths
pinworms, hookworms, tapeworms
37
sx of helminths
diarrhea, itch, rash, malaise, & abdominal cramps
38
define ECTOPARASITES
multicellular parasites that live on skin of host
39
list diseases caused by ectoparasites
scabies, lice, fleas, mites, & ticks
40
sx of ectoparsites
intense itching + red, dry, scaly, irritated skin
41
aka: rickettsiae
obligate parasites
42
describe RICKETTSIAE
larger than virus & completely dependent on host, gen transmitted by ectoparasites from blood-feeing/feces on skin
43
what diseases are caused by rickettsiae
lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever, typhus
44
sx of rickettsiae
fever, severe headache, characteristic rash, malaise
45
what is the best way to promote immune defense
exercise

MA: Chapter 31 - Asepsis (5 decks)

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