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MA: Chapter 31 - Asepsis > Precautions & Asepsis > Flashcards

Precautions & Asepsis Flashcards

1
Q

define UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

A

precautions from CDC to prevent HIV/HepB/blood-borne pathogens

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2
Q

what does the universal precaution state

A

consider all blood/bodily fluids contaminated

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3
Q

define STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

A

from CDC to provide safety & welfare of providers & public about health care standards

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4
Q

list some standard precautions

A
  • handwash before & after procedure
  • wear gloves
  • bandage all skin breaks
  • wash any skin when contact w/fluid
  • don’t work w/patients if you have skin condition
  • no eating/drinking
  • PPE
  • clean up spills immediately
  • immediately discard sharps
  • dispose all waste properly
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5
Q

define OSHA’s BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGEN STANDARD

A

employers need to have written exposure plan; choose safer needles & involve employees in choosing needles

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6
Q

define OSHA’S EXPOSURES CONTROL PLAN

A

written plan updated annually to eliminate/reduce exposure to blood pathogens

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7
Q

list the components of exposure control plan

A
  • engineering controls
  • work practice controls
  • PPE
  • hepatitis B
  • post exposure follow up
  • labels & signs
  • information & training to employees
  • documented employee medical & training records
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8
Q

define ENGINEERING CONTROLS

A

devices to isolate/remove blood pathogen from workplace

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9
Q

give examples of engineering controls

A

sharps container, self-sheathing needles, safer medical devices, needleless systems

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10
Q

define WORKPLACE PRACTICE CONTROLS

A

changes how tasks are done to reduce exposure

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11
Q

give examples of work practice controls

A

handwashing sharps, lab specimen packaging, laundry

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12
Q

define the Hepatitis B part of the exposure control plan

A

have to be available to all within 10 days

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13
Q

give examples of post-exposure follow up

A

lab test, evaluation, identity & test individual source, blood test, post-exposure prophylaxis, & counseling

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14
Q

where should signs/labels be according to exposure control plan

A

regulated waste, fridge, freezer

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15
Q

According to CDC, what should be done when exposed to blood

A
  • wash needlesticks & cuts w/soap & water
  • flush splashes to nose/mouth/skin with water
  • irrigate eyes w/clean water/saline/sterile irrigation
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16
Q

what is the OSHA requirement for surface disinfection

A

1:10 bleach solution/EPA approved disinfectant

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17
Q

define REGULATED WASTE

A

has liquid/semi liquid blood, OPIM that releases blood, or OPIM in liquid/semi liquid state if compressed

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18
Q

define OPIM

A

Other Potentially Infectious Materials

19
Q

how should regulated waste be disposed

A

red biohazard bag w/biohazard label

20
Q

laundry can be contaminated but transmission is ______

A

minimal

21
Q

what is the best way to prevent microorganism

A

handwashing

22
Q

how long should hands be washed

A

20 sec

23
Q

list circumstances when people should wash their hands

A
  • after seeing each patient
  • before & after eating
  • before & after bathroom
  • after blowing nose/cough/sneeze
  • after touching garbage
  • before & after handling specimen or soiled/contaminated amterial
  • after removing gloves
24
Q

lotion with ______ or _____ should be avoided because it breaks down latex & intensifies reactions to latex

A

petroleum, mineral oil content

25
Q

what lotion should be used

A

water-based w/no perfume

26
Q

list the reasons to don gloves

A
  • protection & prevent contamination w/blood or fluid
  • reduce pathogens from you to pt
  • reduce pathogens from pt to pt
27
Q

list steps of sanitization

A
  • rinse in cool water
  • soak in warm detergent solution for 20 min
  • wash & scrub w/brush all serrations, grooves, & hinges
  • rinse in warm-hot water
  • dry completely
28
Q

are spores killed with disinfection

A

no

29
Q

what is generally disinfected

A

large instruments, scopes, & heat-sensitive items that can’t go in autoclave

30
Q

what are the 3 levels of disinfection

A

low, intermmediate, & high

31
Q

give examples of low level disinfectants

A

household bleach & isopropyl alcohol

32
Q

what would you use low level disinfectants for

A

items that touch only intact skin (stethoscope/table)

33
Q

give examples of intermediate level disinfectants

A

ethyl/isopropyl alcohol

34
Q

what should you use intermediate level disinfectants for

A

items that touch nonintact skin & mucous membranes (thermometers & ear speculums)

35
Q

give examples of high level disinfectants

A

glutaraldehyde-based formulas, orthophthaladehyde, peracetic acid, chlorine dioxide, electrolytically generated hypochlorous acid

36
Q

what should you use high level disinfectants for

A

endoscopes & laryngoscopes

37
Q

which asepsis process destroys spores

A

sterilization

38
Q

what is the shelf life for sterilized items

A

30 days

39
Q

what are the different methods of sterilization

A

autoclave, chemical, dry heat

40
Q

which is the most common method of sterilization

A

autoclave

41
Q

list steps/tips to wrapping items for autoclave

A
  • wrap in double-thickness porous autoclave paper/cloth wrap
  • separate multiple items wrapped together w/gauze
  • wrap snugly
42
Q

list the steps to sterilizing something with chemical sterilization

A
  • thoroughly clean in detergent
  • brush
  • thoroughly dry
  • submerge item in chemical sterilant (high level disinfectant) for recommended time, keeping hinges & handles open & cover container of sterilant
43
Q

dry heat sterilization is used for what

A

dry heat

44
Q

why is dry heat sterilization gen not favorable

A

time-consuming, spores not completely eliminated, not for rubber items

MA: Chapter 31 - Asepsis (5 decks)

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