Infectious Disease

Question 1

Treatment of aspergillus

Answer 1

ABPA –> Steroids + Itraconazole Invasive aspergillosis –> Voriconazole

Question 2

Treatment of mucormycosis

Answer 2

Amphotericin

Question 3

Treatment of cryptococcosis

Answer 3

Amphotericin B + Flucytosis (followed by fluconazole consolidation therapy)

Question 4

Distribution of Blastomycosis

Answer 4

Midwestern, southeastern, and south central US (Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio river valleys)

Question 5

Distribution of Coccidiomycosis

Answer 5

Southern Arizona South central California Southwestern New Mexico West Texas

Question 6

Distribution of Histoplasmosis

Answer 6

Midwestern states in the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys

Question 7

2007 AHA Indications for Endocarditis Prophylaxis

Answer 7

(1) Prosthetic cardiac valve (2) History of infective endocarditis (3) Certain types of congenital heart disease - unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease include palliative shunts and conduits, a completely repaired congenital heart defect with prosthetic material or device during the first 6 months post-procedure, repaired congenital heart disease with residual defects (4) Cardiac transplant recipients in whom valvulopathy develops

Question 8

The only statin with proven benefit in HIV patients

Answer 8

Atorvastatin

Question 9

Preferred antiretroviral regimen in pregnancy

Answer 9

zidovudine, lamivudine, and lopinavir/ritonavir

Question 10

Diseases transmitted by the deer tick

Answer 10

(1) Lyme disease (2) Babesiosis (3) Anaplasmosis

Question 11

Treatment of babesiosis

Answer 11

Quinine + clindamycin OR atovaquone + azithromycin

Question 12

Fungal infection associated with “halo sign” on chest CT

Answer 12

Aspergillosis

Question 13

Prophylaxis for exposure to meningococcus meningitis

Answer 13

Rifampin, ceftriaxine, ciprofloxacin

Question 14

Species of Plasmodium that causes multiply-infected erythrocytes

Answer 14

P. falciparum

Question 15

Alternate treatment for P. falciparum

Answer 15

Artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem)

Question 16

Drug of choice for malaria prophylaxis in pregnancy

Answer 16

Mefloquine

Question 17

Tick-borne disease that causes pneumonia or ulcer with regional LAD

Answer 17

Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)

Question 18

Species of malaria that involves hypnozoites in the liver

Answer 18

P. vivax and P. ovale Requires primaquine for eradication

Question 19

Positive PPD if >5mm

Answer 19

• HIV positive - Recent contacts of persons with active TB - Fibrotic changes on CXR c/w old TB - Organ transplants and other immunosuppressive conditions (e.g. chronic prednisone)

Question 20

Positive PPD if >10mm

Answer 20

• Recent (<5 yr) arrival from high-prevalence countries - Injection drug users - Residents or employees of high-risk congregate settings - Mycobacteriology laboratory personnel

Question 21

Answer 21

Plasmodium falciparum

Characterized by ring forms, some of which may be multiple, positioned along the periphery of the erythrocyte against the inner surface of its membrane. Classic “banana-shaped” gametocytes, if detected, can help to distinguish falciparum malaria species from the other potential Plasmodium species.

Question 22

RIPE drug associated with hyperuricemia

Answer 22

Pyrazinamide

Question 23

Outpatient treatment of PID

Answer 23

Parenteral ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, or ceftizoxime

+

Doxycycline

+/-

Metroniadzole

Question 24

Inpatient antibiotics for PID

Answer 24

Parenteral cefoxitin or cefotetan (2nd gen)

+

Doxycycline

Question 25

Fungal infection associated with complex pulmonary disease (nodular, cavitary, hilar LAD)

Answer 25

Histoplasmosis

Question 26

Fungal infection associated with primary skin lesion or concurrent skin and pulmonary findings

Answer 26

Blastomyces

Question 27

Fungal infection associated with pulmonary symptoms and erythema nodosum or erythema multiforme

Answer 27

Coccidiomycosis