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Pathology Finals > Infectious Disease 2.1 Part 3 > Flashcards

Infectious Disease 2.1 Part 3 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Tuberculin test

T cell mediated immunity to mycobacterial antigens
Previous exposure

A

Positive test

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2
Q

Tuberculin test

Seen in immunocompromised patients or with overwhelming infections
There is no activation of T cells

A

False- Negative

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3
Q

Tuberculin test

If there is previous vaccination with BCG, means that there is already an infection

A

False positive

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4
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Entry of the bacteria and ingestion by the macrophages in the lungs

A

0-3 weeks

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5
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Activation of cell mediated immunity granted that the patients is immunicompetent

A

3 rd week

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6
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Develops in a previously unexposed or un sensitized person (first time exposure)
Organism is exogenous
Affects lower part of upper lobe or upper part of lower lobe

A

Primary tuberculosis

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7
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Granulomas in the lung parenchyma and hilar lymph nodes

A

Ghon complex

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8
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Fibrosis and calcification of the granulomas

A

Ranke complex

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9
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Primary TB may lead to progressive primary TB that resembles acute bacterial pneumonia and result to

A

TB meningitis or miliary TB

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10
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Secondary tuberculosis involves in the

A

Apex of the lungs

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11
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Secondary TB

A

Previous sensitized host
Appears many years ago
Asymptomatic or remittent
Caseation necrosis

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12
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Elderly or immuno compression

A

Progressive pulmonary TB

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13
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Multiple seed like lesions

A

Miliary pulmonary disease

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14
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Isolated TB

A 
Meningitis
Renal TB
Addison's disease
Osteomyelitis
Potts disease
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15
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Scrofula

A

Lymphadenitis

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16
Q

Tuberculosis in HIV patient

Patient given

A

Antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

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17
Q

Tuberculosis in HIV patient

Atypical features

A

False negative PPD
No granuloma
Lung cavitation
False negative sputum smears

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18
Q

Tuberculosis in HIV patient

Diagnosis

Gold standard

A

Culture

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19
Q

Tuberculosis in HIV patient

Prognosis

A

Good if localized to the lungs

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20
Q

Common in aids patient

A

Mycobacterium Adium- intracellular complex

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21
Q

Mycobacterium Adium- intracellular complex

Hallmarks

A

Abundant acid fast bacillus with macrophages

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22
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

Leprosy or Hansen’s disease

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23
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

MOT

24
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

Cell mediated immunity is reflected by hypersensitivity reaction to dermal injections of

25
Mycobacterium leprae Tuberculoid leprosy
Dry Elevated Lack of sensations
26
Mycobacterium leprae Tuberculoid leprosy Involvement of large peripheral nerves
Asymmetric
27
Mycobacterium leprae Tuberculoid leprosy Small number of bacilli observed
Paucibacillary
28
Mycobacterium leprae Lepromatous Leprosy
Anergic Symmetric Weak TH1 response
29
Mycobacterium leprae Lepromatous Leprosy
Multibacillary
30
Mycobacterium leprae Lepromatous Leprosy Lesions contain large aggregates of lipid laden macrophages
Leprae cells | Globi of acid fast bacteria
31
Spirochetes
Gram negative Corkscrew-shaped bacteria Outer sheath
32
Spirochetes Causes syphillis
Treponema pallidum
33
Spirochetes Treponema pallidum Hard chancre
Primary syphillis
34
Spirochetes Treponema pallidum Condyloma lata
Secondary syphilis
35
Spirochetes Treponema pallidum After a latent period of 5yeRs or more
Tertiary
36
Spirochetes Treponema pallidum 3 main manifestations of tertiary syphillis
Cardio Neuro Benign tertiary syphillis
37
Spirochetes Treponema pallidum Progressive dilatation of the aortic root and arch
Cardiovascular syphillis
38
Spirochetes Treponema pallidum General paresis
Neuro syphillis
39
Spirochetes Treponema pallidum Gumma
Benign tertiary syphillis
40
Spirochetes Treponema pallidum Fibrosis or scarring in the liver
Heparlobatum
41
Late manifestations of late congenital syphillis
Intestinal keratitis Hutchinson teeth 8th nerve deafness
42
Spirochetes Treponema pallidum Diagnosis
Serological testing
43
Spirochetes Treponema pallidum Non specific but sensitive tests Measures cardiolipin
Non treponemal antibody test
44
Non treponemal antibody test detected by
ROR | VDRL
45
Spirochetes Treponema pallidum Screening test
Always negative in 2 syphilis Usually negative in 3 syphillis Always negative once the patient is already treated
46
Spirochetes Treponema pallidum Fluorescent treponemal Ab absorption test Microhemagglutionation assay
Treponemal antibody test | Confirmatory test
47
Spirochetes Treponema pallidum Background is dark and the organism is illuminated
Dark field test
48
Spirochetes Treponema pallidum Massive relates of endotoxin
Tansch Herxleimer Reaction
49
Borrelia recurrentis
Relapsing fever
50
Borrelia recurrentis
Epidemic relapsing fever
51
Borrelia recurrentis From ornithodorus ticks
Endemic relapsing fever
52
Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
53
Lyme disease transmittedby
Ixodes deer ticks
54
Stages of lyme disease
Stage 1 - acute illness (erythema chronicum) Stage 2 - dissemination ( meningitis with. CN involvement) Stage 3 - late chronic ( severe joint damage )
55
M. Tuberculosis had hypersensitivity type 4 can be detected by
Tuberculin skin test or mantoux PPD

Pathology Finals (7 decks)

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