Infectious Disease 2.1 Part 4 Flashcards by joseph dizon

Clostridium perfringens virulence factors

Most

Collagenase

Hyaluronidase

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Clostridium perfringens virulence factors

Myonecrosis

Phospholipase C

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Clostridium perfringens virulence factors

Nerve sheath damage

Sphingomyelinase

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Botulinum toxin that cleave synaptobrevin

A sub unit

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Clostridium tetani

Block release of GABA that leads to spastic paralysis

Tetanospamin

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Clostridium difficile,

Stimulate Chemokine production that attract leukocytes

Toxin A: Entertoxin

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Difficile toxin B

Cytotoxin

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Amount of tissue necrosis disproportionate to number of neutrophils
With granulation tissue at borders

Cellulitis

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Swelling of the affected region and the overlying skin, forming large bullous vesicles that rupture.

Gas gangrene

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Clostridium botulinum

Mydriasis

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Clostridium tetani

Risks sardonicus

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Chlamydia infectious form

Elementary body, but inactive

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Chlamydia metabolically active

Reticulate body

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Chlamydia

Urogenital inf and inclusion conj

Serotypes D-K

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Chlamydia

LGV

L1-l3

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Chlamydia

Trachoma

A-C

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Most common sexually transmitted bacteria disease in the world

Non gonococcal urethritis

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Small papule on genital mucosa or nearby skin.
2-6 weeks
Swollen tender LN

Lymphogranuloma venereum

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Fungal infection

Common and limited to the very superficial or keratinized layers of skin, hair, and nails

Superficial and cutaneous my sods

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Fungal infection

Involve the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and lymphatics and rarely disseminate systemically

Subcutaneous my oases

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Fungal infection

Caused by Dimorphic fungi, healthy individuals

Endemic my oases

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Most frequent cause of human fungal infections

Candida albicans

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Candida albicans increase risk

Diabetic and burn patients

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Candida albicans

Sever disseminated inf

Neutropenic patients

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Candida albicans Virulence Bind to fibrinogen, fibronectin, and laminin

Integrin like protein

Candida albicans Virulence Bind to epithelial cells

Transglutaminase substrate like proteins

Candida albicans Virulence Bind to endothelial cells or fibronectin

Agglutinins

Candida albicans Enzymes Degrade ECM

Aspartyl proteinases

Candida albicans Enzymes Resist oxidative killing by phagocytic cells

Catalases

Candida albicans Enzymes Block neutrophil oxygen radical production and dengranulation

Adenosine

Candida albicans Hallmark

Oral thrush

Common in aids patients and those with hematolymphoid malignancies. White plaques and pseudo membranes resembling oral thrush on esophageal mucosa

Candida esophagitis

Diabetic, pregnant. Intake of OCP Intense itching Thick crud like discharge

Candida vaginitis

Cutaneous candidiasis Infection of the nail proper

Onychomycosis

Cutaneous candidiasis Moist, interriginous skin such as armpits or webs of fingers and toes

Intertrigo

Cutaneous candidiasis Penile skin

Balanitis

Cutaneous candidiasis Perineum of infants, in region of wet diapers

Diaper rash

Encapsulated yeast | Menigoencephalitis in healthy individuals

Cryptococcosis neoformans

Cryptococcosis neoformans Opportunistic in people with

``` AIDS Leukemia Lymphoma SLE Sarcoidosis ```

Cryptococcosis neoformans Virulence factors

Polysaccharide capsule Melanin production Enzymes

Cryptococcosis neoformans Virulence Glucoronoxylomannin

Polysaccharide capsule

Cryptococcosis neoformans Virulence Melanin like pigment

Laccase

Cryptococcosis neoformans Primary site of infection

Lungs

Cryptococcosis neoformans Major lesions in the CNS

Soap bubble lesions

Aspergillosis Infection in healthy people

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Aspergillosis Immunocompromised individuals

Sinusitis Pneumonia Invasive disease

Aspergillosis Major predisposing conditions

Neutropenia and corticosteroids

Aspergillosis Virulence Bind to fibrinogen, laminin

Adhesins

Aspergillosis Virulence Melanin pigment, mannitol, catalase

Antioxidants

Aspergillosis Virulence Phospholipases, proteases and toxin

Enzymes

Aspergillosis Virulence Inhibit host cell protein synthesis by degrading mRNAs

Restrictocin | Mitogillin

Aspergillosis Virulence Liver cancer, degrade p 53

Aflatoxin

Aspergillosis Virulence Hypersensitivity reaction

Spores

Aspergillosis Morphology Colonizing aspergillosis

Aspergilloma

Fungal balls | Recurrent hemoptysis

Aspergillosis Often referred to as target lesions

Invasive aspergillosis

Zygomycosis (mucocormycosis) Major predisposing factor

``` Neutropenia Corticosteroid Diabetes mellitus Iron overload Breakdown of cutaneous barrier ```

Zygomycosis (mucocormycosis) MOT

Air borne sexual spores

Zygomycosis (mucocormycosis) Primary site of invasion

Nasal sinuses Lungs GIT

Zygomycosis (mucocormycosis) Morphology

Rhinocerebral Diabetics Nasal sinuses to orbit of brain Penetration of tissues and cranial vaults

Malaria Vector

Anopheles mosquito

Malaria Infectious stage

Sporozoites

Malaria Released from hepatocytes then infect RBC

Merozoites

Malaria Latent in hepatocytes cause relapse (vivax and ovale)

Hypnozoites

Malaria Life cycle Bind to hepatocyte receptor for

Thrombospondin and properdin

Malaria Life cycle Rapid multiplication within liver cells, rupture of hepatocytes, release of

Merozoites

Malaria Life cycle Merozoites bind to ____________ on surface of RBC via a parasite lectin-like molecule.

Sialic acid residue

Malaria Stages of parasite in red cells Single chromatin mass

Trophozoite

Malaria Stages of parasite in red cells Multiple chromatin masses

Schizont

Malaria Stages of parasite in red cells Infect additional red cells on lysis of infected red cell

Merozoite

Malaria Stages of parasite in red cells Some parasites develop into sexual forms

Gametocytes | Infective stage to mosquito

Malaria Vivax Ovale Malariae

Low levels of parasitemia Mild anemia Splenic rupture and nephrotic synd, in rare cases

Malaria Falciparum

High levels of parasitemia Severe anemia Cerebral symptoms , renal failure, pulm edema and death

Malaria Plasmodium All forms with hepatosplenomegaly as red blood cells are sequestered by fixed

Mononuclear phagocytes

Malaria Repeated or prolonged exposure to plasmodium species stimulates an immune response

Reduced severity of the illness caused by malaria

Malaria Initial infection of falciparum

Congestion and enlargement of spleen

Falciparum basis of diagnosis

Parasites present within red cells

Falciparum chronic infection

Spleen fibrotic and brittle with thick capsule and fibrous trabeculae

Falciparum Progressive infection

Liver enlarged and pigmented

Strongyloidiasis MOT

Skin penetration

Strongyloidiasis Prone

Immunocompromised and prolonged corticosteroid therapy

Strongyloidiasis Smallest of the intestinal nematodes

S. Stercoralis

Strongyloidiasis Buried in the crypts of the duodenum or jejunum but produce no visible alterations

Adult females

Strongyloidiasis Micro: coiled females, along with eggs and developing larvae, within the mucosa ,

Usually with no associated inflammation

Tapeworm (cestodes) cysticercosis and Hydatid disease Teania saginata sources

Beef

Tapeworm (cestodes) cysticercosis and Hydatid disease Teania solium

Pork | Human feces

Tapeworm (cestodes) cysticercosis and Hydatid disease Diphyllobothrium latum

Fish

Tapeworm (cestodes) cysticercosis and Hydatid disease | Echinococcus granulosus

Dog feces

Teania solium Infective stage Undercooked pork

Larva (cysticercus cellulosae)

Teania solium Pathogenic stage Undercooked pork

Adult | Taeniasis

Teania solium Food or water contaminated with ova Infective stage

Ova

Teania solium Food or water contaminated with ova Pathogenic stage

Larva | Cysticercosis

Teania saginata Infective stage

Larva cystecercus

Teania saginata Pathogenic stage

Taeniasis adult

Teania saginata Does not produce

Cysticercosis

Echinoccous granulosus Humans are

Accidental intermediate hosts True intermediate host are rodents

Trichinosis Trichinella spiralis MOT

Ingestion of larvae in undercooked meat from infected animals like pigs

Most important helminths disease of humans | Damage the liver, intestine and urinary bladder

Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis Intermediate host

Freshwater snails

Schistosomiasis MOT

Skin penetration by fork tailed cercariae

Schistosomiasis Distal colon and liver

S. Mansoni

Schistosomiasis Veins serving the rectum, bladder, and pelvic organs

S. Haematobium

Schistosomiasis Small bowel, ascending colon, and liver

S, japonicum

Lymphatic filariasis

Wuchereria bancrofti and | Brugia species

Filariasis MOT

Bite of vector (anopheles, culex, mansonia)

Clostridium perfringens virulence factors Lysis

Enterotoxin

Infectious Disease 2.1 Part 4 Flashcards

(106 cards)