Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > Infectious disease > Flashcards

Infectious disease Flashcards

1
Q

High risk groups with fever

A
  • Young infants, esp those younger than 28 days, because of immaturity of their immune system
  • Older infants with high fevers (T > 38C [102.2 G]) who appear ill
  • Infants and children who are immunodeficient, have sickle cells disease or have underlying chronic liver, renal, pulmonary or cardiac disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bacterial pathogens 0-1 months

A
  • GBS
  • E coli
  • Listeria monocytogenes

TREAT: ampicillin + gentamicin or cerfotaxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bacterial pathogens 1-3 months

A
  • GBS
  • E coli
  • Listeria monocytogenes

TREAT: ampicillin + cefotaxime (+ vancomycin if bacterial meningitis is suspected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bacterial pathogens 3 months - 3 years

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b
  • Neisseria meningitidis

TREAT: cefotaxime (+ vancomycin if bacterial meningitis is suspected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bacterial pathogens 3 years - adult

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Neisseria meningitidis

TREAT: cefotaxime (+ vancomycin if bacterial meningitis is suspected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Criteria that indicate an infant is at low risk for serious bacterial infection include

A
  • WBC > 5,000 and < 15,000
  • Absolute band count < 1,500
  • Normal urinalysis ( < 10 WBCs per high powered field)
  • If diarrhea is present, < 5 WBC per high powered field on stool Wright stain
  • Normal CSF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hospitalization is required for

A
  • All infants less than 28 days of age
  • Infants between 29 days and 3 months with any of the following: toxic appearance; suspected meningitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, bone and soft tissue infections unresponsive to oral antibiotics; patients in social circumstances in which there is uncertain outpatient care and follow up
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fever of unknown origin

A

Fever lasting longer than 8 days to 3 weeks and when physical examination and preliminary laboratory evaluation have all failed to lead to a diagnosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Periodic disorders characterized by spiking fevers at regular monthly intervals

A
  • Familial Mediterranean fever: fever, peritonitis, pleuritis, and monoarthritis
  • Periodic fever syndrome or Periodic Fever, Aphthous stomatitis, Pharyngitis, cervical Adenitis syndrome (PFAPA)
  • Cyclic neutropenia: neutropenia at time of fever occurring at regular 21 day intervals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypoglycorrhachia

A

Lower CSF glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When are corticosteroids effective in meningitis

A
  • Corticosteroids given before or with the 1st dose of antibiotics have been shown to be effective at reducing the incidence of hearing loss in HIB meningitis.
  • Efficacy in other causes of bacterial meningitis has not been demonstrated.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Complications from meningitis

A
  • Complication rates are highest with meningitis caused by gram negative organisms followed by S pneumoniae, HIB and N meningitidis
  • HEARING LOSS (up to 25%)
  • GLOBAL BRAIN INJURY ( 5-10%)
  • Other complications: SIADH, seizures, hydrocephalus, brain abscess, cranial nerve palsy, learning disability, and focal neurologic deficits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bacterial causes of aseptic meningitis

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (most commonly seen in children younger than 5)
  • Borrelia burgdorfrei
  • Treponema pallidum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fungal causes of aseptic meningitis

A
  • Cocidiodes immitis
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
  • Histoplasmosis capsulatum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parasitic causes of aseptic meningitis

A
  • Taenia solium (etiologic agent of cystericercosis)

- Toxoplasma gondii (in immunocompromised patients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most common cause of viral meningitis

A

Enteroviruses - most commonly in summer and fall

17
Q

Viruses that most commonly cause encephalitis

A
  • Arboviruses (St. Louis, Western equine, Eastern equine, West Nile virus)
  • Influenza
  • Herpes viruses
18
Q

Acute persistent sinusitis

A
  • Nasal discharge and cough (day and night) for 10-30 days
  • Headache, malodorous breath, facial pain, and low grade fever may be present
  • TREAT: amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate or 2nd generation cephalosporin for 10-14 days
19
Q

Acute severe sinusitis

A
  • High fever (> 39C, > 102F)
  • Purulent nasal discharge for 3-5 days
  • TREAT: amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate or 2nd generation cephalosporin for 10-14 days
20
Q

Subacute sinusitis

A
  • Nasal discharge and cough (day and night) for 30-90 days
  • Headache, malodorous breath, facial pain, and low grade fever may be present
  • TREAT: amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate or 2nd generation cephalosporin for 10-14 days
21
Q

Chronic sinusitis

A
  • Nasal discharge and cough (day and night) for > 90 days
  • Headache, malodorous breath, facial pain, and low grade fever may be present
  • TREAT: trial of broad spectrum ABX, CT imaging of sinuses, IV ABX

Pediatrics (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions