Infectious Disease Flashcards
(50 cards)
The three most common causes of fever of unknown origin (FUO)?
Infection, cancer, and autoimmune disease
Four signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis?
Fever, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillar exudate, lack of cough
A nonsuppurative complication of streptococcal infection that is not altered by treatment of primary infection
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
The most common predisposing factor for acute sinusitis
Viral URI
Asplenic patients are particularly susceptible to these organisms
Encapsulated organisms - pneumococcus, meningococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella
The number of bacteria needed on a clean-catch specimen to diagnose a UTI
100,000 CFU/ml
Which healthy population is susceptible to UTIs?
Pregnant women. Treat this group aggressively because of high risk of complications
A patient from California or Arizona presents with fever, malaise, cough, and night sweats. Diagnosis? Treatment?
Coccidioidimycosis; amphoterocin B
Non painful chancre
Primary syphilis
A “blueberry muffin” rash is characteristic of what congenital infection?
Rubella
Meningitis in neonates. Causes? Treatment?
Group B strep, E coli, Listera (ring the BEL for the newborn).
Treatment: gentamicin and ampicillin
Meningitis in infants (not neonates). Causes? Treatments?
Pneumococcus, meningococcus, H influenzae.
Treat with cefotaxime and vancomycin.
What should always be done prior to LP?
Check for elevated ICP; look for papilledema
CSF findings: Low glucose, PMN predominance
Bacterial meningitis
CSF findings: Normal glucose, lymphocytic predominance
Aseptic (viral) meningitis
CSF findings: Numerous RBCs that persist in serial CSF samples
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
CSF findings: elevated gamma globulins
MS
Initially presents with a pruritic papule with regional lymphadenopathy; evolves into a black eschar after 7-10 days. Diagnosis? Treatment?
Cutaneous anthrax. Treat with penicillin G or ciprofloxacin
Findings in tertiary syphilis
Tabes dorsalis, general paresis, Argyll Robertson pupil, gummas, aortitis, aortic root aneurysm
Characteristics of secondary Lyme disease
Arthralgias, migratory polyopathies, Bell’s palsy, myocarditis
Cold agglutinins in infection
Mycoplasma (also mono and HIV)
24-year-old man presents with soft white plaques on his tongue and the back of his throat. Diagnosis? Workup? Treatment?
Diagnosis: Candidal thrush
Workup should include HIV test.
Treat with nystatin oral suspension.
At what CD4 count should Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis be initiated in an HIV-positive patient? What medication?
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) prophylaxis?
PCP prophylaxis at CD4 <200 with TMP-SMX.
MAC prophylaxis at CD4 <50-100 with clarithromycin or azithromycin
Risk factors for pyelonephritis
Pregnancy, ventriculoureteral reflux, anatomic anomalies, indwelling catheters, kidney stones
