Renal/Genitourinary Flashcards
(38 cards)
Renal tubular acidosis associated with abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis
Type 1 (distal) RTA
Renal tubular acidosis associated with abnoral HCO3- reabsorption and rickets
Type 2 (proximal) RTA
Renal tubular acidosis associated with low aldosterone state
Type 4 (distal) RTA
Treatment of hypernatremia
Normal saline if vital signs are unstable.
Otherwise, D5 water or half-normal saline to replace free water loss
Differential diagnosis of hypotonic hypervolemic hyponatemia
Cirrhosis CHF Nephrotic syndrome Acute kidney injury Chronic kidney disease
Chvostek and Trousseau signs
Hypocalcemia
The most common 2 causes of hypercalcemia
Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism
T-wave flattening and U waves
Hypokalemia
Peaked T waves and widened QRS
Hyperkalemia
Treatment of hyperkalemia
C BIG K: Calcium gluconate Bicarb Insulin Glucose Kayexelate
First-line treatment for moderate hypercalcemia
IV hydration
Type of AKI in a patient with Fe_Na <1%
Prerenal
A 49-year-old man presents with acute-onset flank pain and hematuria
Nephrolithiasis
The most common type of nephrolithiasis
Calcium oxalate
Test of choice for nephrolithiasis
Noncontrast CT
Ultrasonography shows bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts. Associated brain anomaly?
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Associated with cerebral berry aneurysm
Hematuria, hypertension, and oliguria
Nephritic syndrome
Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria, and edema
Nephrotic syndrome
The most common form of nephrotic syndrome in adults
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Nephritic syndrome presenting 3 days after URI with a normal C3
IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)
Palpable purpura, arthralgias, abdominal pain
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Glomerulonephritis with deafness
Alport syndrome
Glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis
Granulomatosis with polyangitis or Goodpasture syndrome
Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment
Glomerulonephritis / nephritic syndrome
