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UWorld Medicine Ultra-HY > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Empiric treatment for “fight-bite”

A

Amoxicillin-clavulunate (cover polymicrobrial infection with oral flora)

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2
Q

Origin of infection of Ludwig angina?

A

Direct spread from dental infection (extract tooth in addition to broad-spectrum IV antibiotics)

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3
Q

Tender, indurated submandibular area with upwards displaced tongue, crepitus, and airway compression

A

Ludwig angina

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4
Q

Empiric treatment for viral encephalitis

A

IV acyclovir

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5
Q

Empiric treatment of febrile neutropenia without known source

A

Broad-spectrum anti-Pseudomonal beta-lactam: pip/tazo, cefepime, or meropenem

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6
Q

Other diseases to test for in a patient newly diagnosed with gonorrhea or chlamydia

A

HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B

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7
Q

Polyarthralgia, tenosynovitis, and painless vesiculopustular skin lesions

A

Disseminated gonococcal infection

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8
Q

Epitrochlear lymphadenopathy

A

Secondary syphilis

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9
Q

Painless genital ulcer with regular borders and hard base

A

Primary syphilis

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10
Q

Painless genital ulcers followed by painful lymphadenopathy

A

Lymphogranuloma venerum (Chlamydia trachomatis L1-L3)

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11
Q

Painful genital ulcer with painful lymphadenopathy

A

Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)

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12
Q

Empiric treatment of bacterial meningitis in a typical adult?
Over 50?
Immunocompromised?

A

General: Vanc + ceftriazoxone (+ steroids if PC suspected)
Over 50: Add ampicillin for Listeria
Immunocompromised: Add ampicillin for Listeria and use antipseudomonal (e.g. cefepime) instead of ceftriaxone

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13
Q

Large basophilic lymphocytes with vacuolated appearance

A

Atypical lymphocytes in EBV or less commonly CMV

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14
Q

N/V/D followed by fever, myositis, eosinophilia, and elevated CK

A

Trichenella (pork roundworm)

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15
Q

Nematode that travels from small bowel to lungs via blood and leads to cough, and then is swallowed and returns to bowel

A

Ascaris

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16
Q

Liver cyst with internal septations on US and eggshell calcifications on CT

A

Hydatid cyst due to Echinococcus granulosus

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17
Q

Liver cyst without pain or fever

A

Hydatid cyst due to Echinococcus granulosus

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18
Q

Liver cyst with fever and RUP pain

A

Amebic liver abscess due to Entamoeba histolytica

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19
Q

Single subcapsular cyst in right hepatic lobe

A

Amebic liver abscess due to Entamoeba histolytica

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20
Q

Treatment for amebic liver abscess

A

Metronidazole followed by intraluminal antibiotic (e.g. paromycin)

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21
Q

Liver fluke causing biliary disease

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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22
Q

New seizures with intraparenchymal brain cysts with surrounding edema

A

Neurocystiercosis (Taenia solium pork tapeworm)

Treat with albendazole, steroids, and anticonvulsants

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23
Q

Tropical disease: Megacolon / megaesophagus

A 
Chagas disease (Trypanosomi cruzi)
(Can also lead to cardiomegaly / CHF / arrhythmias)
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24
Q

Tropical disease: High fever, HA, vomiting, myalgia, arthralgias, rash, and retro-orbital pain

A

Dengue fever

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25
Tropical disease: fever, lymphadenopathy, severe polyarthralgias, magulopapular rash, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia
Chikungunya fever
26
Fungal pulmonary infection with ulcerated skin lesions and lytic bone lesions in an immunocompetent host?
Blastomycosis
27
Fungal pulmonary infection with hilar lymphadenopathy
Histoplasmosis
28
Fungal pulmonary infection that disseminates with CD4 < 100 with fever, weight loss, mucocutaneous papules/nodules, and pancytopenia
Histopasmosis
29
Fungal pulmonary infection with erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, arthralgias, and conjunctivitis
"San Joaguin Valley Fever" due to Coccidiomycosis
30
Partially acid-fast aerobic filamentous bacteria
Nocardia
31
Anaerobic filamentous bacteria
Actinomyces
32
Treatment for pulmonary nocardiosis
6-12 months of TMP-SMX
33
Treatment for Actinomyces
Penicillin G
34
Infection of jaw after dental infection or trauma
Actinomyces
35
Fever, chest pain, and hemoptysis in immunocompromised patient, with "halo sign" around pulmonary nodules on CT
Invasive aspergillosis
36
Galactomannan and beta-D-glucan
Invasive aspergillosis
37
Treatment of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis
Surgical debridement and amphoterocin B
38
Fever, nasal congestion and discharge, and sinus pain in a poorly controlled diabetic
Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis, most likely due to Rhizopus fungus
39
Early disseminated Lyme
Multiple erythema migrans, CN palsy, meningitis, AV block, migratory arthalgias
40
Late lyme
Arthritis, encephalitis, peripheral neuropathy
41
Standard lyme treatment? | When do you escalate, and what to?
Standard: oral doxycycline | With neurological or cardiac involvement, go to IV ceftriaxone
42
Lyme treatment in pregnant women and children under 8
Oral amoxicillin
43
RMSF treatment
Doxycycline (like Lyme)
44
Sudden fever, HA, myalgias, followed by a blanching maculopapular rash that begins on distal limbs and spreads inwards
RMSF (Rickettsia rickettsi)
45
Gram-negative bacteria that infects endothelial cells and can lead to a vasculitis-like illness with thrombocytopenia and prolonged PT/PTT
RMSF (Rickettsia rickettsi)
46
Tick-borne illness due to bacteria that infects WBCs | Treatment?
Erhlichiosis | Treat with doxycycline (same as Lyme and RMSF)
47
Babesia treatment
Atogaquone and azithromycin
48
Mltese cross in RBCs
Babesia
49
Test for acute HIV
Viral load (serologies negative early)
50
Primary prophylaxis in AIDS
CD4 <200: TMP-SMX for PCP (also covers Toxo at <100) | CD4 <50: Azithro/clarithromycin for MAC
51
Diagnostic test for PCP
Need direct visualization on stain (can't culture). | Induce sputum, and if this fails do BAL.
52
Treatment for PCP pneumonia? | When do you add steroids?
TMP-SMX | Add steroids with significant hypoxemia: PaO2 < 70 mm Hg ORA or A-a gradient >35 mm Hg
53
Treatment of CNS Toxo in an AIDS patient
Sulfadiazine-Pyrimethamine w/ leucovorin rescue
54
AIDS: Multiple ring-enhancing brain lesions with surrounding edema
CNS Toxoplasmosis (treat with sulfadiazine-pyrimathemine)
55
AIDS: Multiple non-enhancing brain lesions without surrounding edema
PML
56
AIDS: Single enhancing brain lesion
Primary CNS lymphoma
57
AIDS: Painless retinitis with fluffy granular retinal lesions and retinal hemorrhages
CMV retinitis (HSV and VZV are painful)
58
AIDS: Painful retinitis following keratitis with central retinal necrosis
HSV or VZV retinitis (CMV is painless)
59
Treatment for Cryptococcal meningitis
2 weeks amphotericin B/flucytosine (induction), followed by consolidation (8 weeks) and maintenence (>1 year) with fluconazole Do NOT initiate antiretrovirals until 2 weeks of treatment due to risk of IRIS (immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome)
60
AIDS: Watery diarrhea with low-grade fever and weight loss
Cryptosporidium (CD4 <180, stains acid-fast)
61
AIDS: Watery diarrhea with abdominal pain but no fever
Microsporidium / Isosporidium (CD4 < 100)
62
AIDS: Watery diarrhea with high fever and weight loss
MAC (CD4 < 50)
63
AIDS: Bloody diarrhea with low-grade fever, abdominal pain, and weight loss
``` CMV Colitis (CD4 < 50) (Confirm with colonoscopy, screen for CMV retinitis, and start ganciclovir and HAART) ```
64
AIDS: Fever, night sweats with vascular cutaneous lesions. Cause? Treatment?
Bacillary angiomatosis due to Bartonella | Treat with doxy or erythromycin
65
When can you empirically treat an AIDS patient with esophagitis symptoms for Candida? What do you do if this is not appropriate or fails?
If there is oral thrush, treat empirically w/ 3-5 days of fluconazole to see if improves If no thrush or this fails, go to endoscopy
66
AIDS: Odynphagia with deep round ulcers on endoscopy
HSV
67
AIDS: Odynophagia with deep linear ulcers on endoscopy
CMV

UWorld Medicine Ultra-HY (13 decks)

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