Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nursing 105 > Infectious Disease- Exam 1 > Flashcards

Infectious Disease- Exam 1 Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Name the 6 links in the chain of infection.

A
  1. Infectious Agent
  2. Reservoirs
  3. Portal of Exit
  4. Means of Transmission
  5. Portal of Entry
  6. Susceptible Host
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the Infectious Agents in the chain of infection.

A

-Bacteria
-Fungi
-Viruses
-Rickettsiae
-Protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you break the chain of infection at the Infectious Agent link?

A

Rapid accurate identification of organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are examples of Reservoirs in the chain of infection?

A

-People
-Equipment
-Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are examples of ways to break the chain of infection at the Reservoir link?

A

-Employee health
-Environmental Sanitation
-Disinfection/sterilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are examples of Portal of Exit in the chain of infection?

A

-Excretions
-Secretions
-Skin
-Droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can you break the chain of infection at the Portal of Exit link?

A

-Hand hygiene
-Control of excretions & secretions
-Trash & waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the Means of Transmission in the chain of infection?

A

-Direct contact
-Ingestion
-Fomites
-Airborne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are ways of breaking the chain of infection at the Means of Transmission link?

A

-Hand hygiene
-Sterilization
-Standard precautions
-Airflow control
-Food handling
-Isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are examples of Portal of Entry in the chain of infection?

A

-Mucous membranes
-GI Tract
-GU Tract
-Respiratory tract
-Broken skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are ways to break the chain of infection at the Portal of Entry link?

A

-Aseptic technique
-Catheter care
-Wound care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are examples of Susceptible Hosts in the chain of infection?

A

-Immunosuppression
-Diabetes
-Surgery
-Burns
-Elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are ways to break the chain of infection at the Susceptible Host link?

A

-Treatment of underlying diseases
-Recognition of high-risk patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What link in the chain of infection would E. coli be?

A

Infectious Agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What link in the chain of infection would the GI Tract be?

A

Reservoir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What link in the chain of infection would the Anus be?

A

Portal of Exit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What link in the chain of infection would improper wiping (back to front) be?

A

Means of Transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What link would the Urethra be in the chain of infection?

A

Portal of Entry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What link would a woman be in the chain of infection?

A

Susceptible Host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Definition: Describes microorganisms present without host interference or interaction.

A

Colonization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is an example of colonization?

A

S. aureus on the skin without any skin interruption or irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Definition: Indicates host interaction with the organism.

Break in skin allows organism to enter host.

A

Infection

(Not septic, localized area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Definition: The infected host displays a decline in wellness caused by the infection.

A

Infectious disease

(Inside bloodstream)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

List some Infection Control & Prevention organizations

A

-WHO
-CDC
-OSHA
-Local agencies (Health Department)
-Hospital & facility infection control specialists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which type of patients do we use Standard Precautions for?
All patients
26
What type of patients do we use Transmission-based precautions for?
Patients with known infectious diseases spread by airborne, droplet, contact routes
27
List some Standard Precautions
-Hand hygiene -Use of gloves & other barriers -Proper handling of patient care equipment & linen -Environmental control -Prevention of injury from sharp devices & needles -Patient placement
28
Name the 4 different categories of Transmission Based Precautions?
1. Airborne Precautions 2. Droplet Precautions 3. Contact Precautions 4. Enhanced Precautions
29
List some Airborne Precautions
-Negative pressure room -N-95 Respirator
30
List some illnesses that fall into the category of Airborne Precautions
-TB -Varicella -Anthrax
31
What illnesses are Droplet Precautions used for?
-Influenza -Meningococcus -PNA (Pneumonia)
32
When do we use Droplet Precautions?
Used for organisms transmitted by close contact with respiratory or pharyngeal secretions
33
What additional PPE needs to be utilized for Droplet Precautions?
Wear a face mask (Transmission is limited to close contact) Door may remain open
34
What are Contact Precautions used for?
Used for organisms spread by skin-to-skin contact Organisms are easily transmitted by contact between the health care worker and the patient
35
What barriers are used to prevent transmission of organisms with Contact Precautions?
Gown & Gloves (masks not needed)
36
What are examples of organisms that require Contact Precautions?
-Clostridium difficile -Antibiotic-resistant organisms (VRE, MRSA, MDRO)
37
What must the nurse do when they leave a room with Contact Precautions?
Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
38
What should a nurse do when they leave a room with Droplet Precautions?
Wash hands with soap and water or use hand sanitizer
39
What PPE is needed for Enhanced Precautions?
-Goggles or face shield -N-95 Mask -Gown -Gloves
40
What PPE should a nurse use for any patient when direct skin to skin contact is necessary?
Gloves
41
What does HA-MRSA stand for?
Healthcare Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
42
Examples of invasive procedures that can cause a HA-MRSA?
-PIV -Incisions -Surgeries -Blood draws -Indwellingcatheters
43
What does CA-MRSA stand for?
Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
44
What precautions are required for MRSA?
Contact Precautions
45
What precautions are required for COVID-19?
Enhanced or Airborne
46
What precautions are required for C. Diff?
Contact Precautions
47
What disinfectant will kill the spores of C. Diff?
Bleach containing disinfectants
48
What medication is the drug of choice for treatment of most MRSA infections?
Vancomycin
49
How are VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus) treated?
Combinations of vancomycin, gentamicin, and/or linezolid
50
What laboratory test is performed to figure out what medication will work for an infection?
Culture & Sensitivity
51
What are the 5 recommendations in preventing CLABSI? (Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections)
1. Optimal catheter site selection 2. Hand hygiene- sterile technique for insertion 3. Maximal barrier precaution (Tegaderm) 4. Chlorhexidine skin anti-sepsis (daily) 5. Daily review of line necessity (switch to PIV asap)
52
List some emerging infectious diseases
-Zika Virus -West Nile Virus -Ebola Virus -Legionnaires Disease -COVID
53
How can Zika virus be transmitted?
Through the bites of infected mosquitoes Through sexual transmission
54
How is West Nile virus transmitted?
Through the bites of infected mosquitoes
55
How is Ebola transmitted?
Through direct contact with body fluid Through infected wild animals
56
How is Legionnaires disease transmitted?
By the aerosolized route
57
How is COVID transmitted?
Through close contact by airborne transmission (airborne particles & droplets)
58
What are some examples of vaccinations used in the U.S.?
MMR Varicella Influenza HPV COVID
59
What are the most common infectious diseases in the United States?
Syphilis Chlamydia Trachomatis Neisseria Gonorrhea Human Immunodeficiency Virus
60
What are sites of infection for STI's?
Skin & mucosal lining of the urethra Cervix Vagina Rectum Oropharynx
61
What are routes of transmission of STI's?
Sexual Percutaneous Perinatal
62
What are the 5 P's when performing an assessment of STI's?
Partners- are you active, sex of partner Prevention of Pregnancy- birth control, future plans Protection from STI's- are you using protection, do you get tested Practices- what kind of sex are you having Past History of STI's- diagnosed in the past & treatment used
63
What would a nurse look for when performing a physical examination (during assessment) for STI's and what parts of the body do you examine?
Rashes Lesions Drainage Inguinal Nodes Genitalia Rectum Mouth Throat Woman assessed for abdominal & uterine tenderness
64
What are STI interventions?
-Education about STD's & the spread & treatment of infection -Reducing anxiety (encourage open discussion, provide factual info, involve partners, referral to a social worker) -Increasing adherence (Pt. education in group or individual setting, referral to appropriate agencies)
65
What are potential complications of STI's for woman?
-PID -Ectopic pregnancies -Transmission of infection to fetus if pregnant -Infertility
66
What are potential complications of STI's for men?
-Epididymitis -Infertility
67
What are ways to reduce risk of infection to patients in home care?
-Assessment, reporting, and treatment of fever -Care of equipment (disinfection & aseptic technique) -Catheter care -Home clean but not sterile, insect control -Restriction of visitors if necessary
68
For home-based care measures, what does the nurse educate the patient and family of?
-Hand hygiene & aseptic technique -Annual influenza vaccine, pneumonia 65+, COVID -Recognition of mode of transmission -Establishment of transmission-based precautions
69
What are ways to reduce the risk to the caregiver?
-Standard precautions (hand washing, PPE) -Proper food storage -Proper food preparation (proper storage, cook thoroughly)
70
What is the portal of entry of diarrheal diseases?
Oral Ingestion
71
What are examples of infectious agents in diarrheal diseases?
Bacterial- Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli Viral- Rotovirus, Calicivirus (Norovirus) LTC facilities & cruise ships Parasitic- Giardia, Cryptosporidium
72
What history does a nurse need for infectious diarrhea?
-Recent Travel -Use of Antibiotics -Food Intake -N/V/D- Dehydration
73
How does a nurse assess for hydration status in infectious diarrhea?
-Thirst -Dry mucous membranes -Weak pulse -Loss of skin turgor -Sunken eyes -I&O
74
What are interventions for infectious diarrhea?
-Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance -Increase knowledge about disease and risk of transmission -Absence of complications
75
How is dehydration corrected?
-Oral rehydration is best -IV rehydration in severe dehydration
76
What would a patient with mild dehydration exhibit?
Dry mucous membranes & increased thirst
77
What would a patient with moderate dehydration exhibit?
Sunken Eyes Poor Skin Turgor Increased Thirst Dry Mucous Membranes
78
What would a patient with severe dehydration exhibit?
Signs of hypovolemic shock (rapid thready pulse, cyanosis, cold extremities, rapid breathing, lethargy, or coma) IV replacement until hemodynamic & mental status return to normal then treat with oral solutions (Isotonic*, or sometimes Hypotonic)

Nursing 105 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions