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Nursing 105 > Neurological 2- Exam 2 > Flashcards

Neurological 2- Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition: Failure to recognize familiar objects perceived by the senses.

A

Agnosia

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2
Q

What is the functional abnormality of the CNS that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is disrupted?

A

Cerebrovascular Disorder

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3
Q

What is the most important modifiable risk factor in CVA prevention?

A

Hypertension

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4
Q

What are some risk factors of cerebrovascular disorders?

A

-Age
-Gender
-Ethnicity
-HTN
-CV disease
-^ chol & ^ Hct
-Obesity
-Diabetes
-Smoking/alcohol/drug use
-Oral contraceptives

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5
Q

What is a stroke known as? (in hospital)

A

“brain attack”

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of strokes?

A

Ischemic & Hemorrhagic

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7
Q

What type of stroke is most common?

A

Ischemic

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8
Q

What types of ischemic strokes are there?

A

-Large artery thrombosis
-Small penetrating artery thrombosis
-Cardiogenic embolism
-Cryptogenic
-Other

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9
Q

What do symptoms of a stroke depend on?

A

Location & size of affected area

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10
Q

What are some C.M. of a stroke?

A

-Numbness or weakness of face, arm, or leg, especially on one side
-Confusion or change in mental status
-Trouble speaking & understanding speech
-Difficulty in walking, dizziness, loss of balance
-Sudden, severe HA

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11
Q

Definition: Paralysis on 1 side of body.

A

Hemiplegia

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12
Q

Definition: weakness on 1 side of body.

A

Hemiparesis

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13
Q

Definition: difficulty speaking caused by brain damage, results in inability to control the muscles used in speech.

A

Dysarthria

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14
Q

Definition: difficulty swallowing.

A

Dysphagia

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15
Q

Definition: can understand but not talk or express themselves.

A

Expressive aphasia

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16
Q

Definition: can talk but can’t understand.

A

Receptive aphasia

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17
Q

Definition: blindness over 1/2 of the visual field.

A

Hemianopsia

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18
Q

Definition: loss of ability to identify objects or people.

A

Agnosia

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19
Q

What is a temporary neurologic deficit resulting from a temporary impairment of blood flow?

A

TIA

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20
Q

What is a TIA a warning of?

A

Impending stroke

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21
Q

What are preventative tx of TIA & stroke?

A

-Carotid endarterectomy for carotid stenosis
-Anticoagulant therapy for A-Fib
-Antiplatelet therapy
-“Statins”
-Antihypertensive meds

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22
Q

What type of stroke is thrombolytic therapy used for?

A

Ischemic

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23
Q

Why should the HOB be elevated in the acute phase of a stroke?

A

Decreased ICP & ^ venous drainage

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24
Q

What diagnostic should be performed if a stroke is suspected?

A

Head CT

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25
What are C.M. of a hemorrhagic stroke?
-Severe HA -Early & sudden changes in LOC -Projectile vomiting w/out nausea -Bleeding
26
How is the type of stroke differentiated?
CT
27
What is the most important NURSING intervention if a patient is experiencing a hemorrhagic stroke?
ABC's
28
How should the HOB be positioned in a post stroke pt?
High Fowler's ~ 90 degrees to prevent aspiration
29
How is impaired physical mobility after a stroke improved?
PT
30
Why are analgesics usually prescribed after a stroke?
Shoulder pain
31
Who can help with self-care deficits after a stroke?
OT
32
Who assesses for gag reflex after a stroke?
Speech therapist
33
Should a Foley catheter be inserted in a patient with urinary incontinence following a stroke?
No, bowel & bladder retraining should take place
34
What is nuchal rigidity a C.M. of?
Hemorrhagic stroke OR meningitis
35
What are potential problems in a hemorrhagic stroke?
-Vasospasm -Seizures -Hydrocephalus -Rebleeding -Hyponatremia
36
What is the #1 reason for morbidity or mortality for subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke?
Vasospasm
37
When will a patient begin rehabilitation after a stroke?
Same day
38
Definition: inflammation of the meninges, which cover & protect the brain and spinal cord.
Meningitis
39
What are the 2 types of meningitis?
Bacterial & viral
40
What are some C.M. of meningitis?
-HA -fever -changes in LOC -behavioral changes -nuchal rigidity (stiff neck) -photophobia
41
What is the positive Kerning sign?
Pt. is lying w/ thigh flexed, other leg cannot be completely extended w/out severe back pain
42
What is the positive Brudzinski sign?
Nuchal rigidity causes the knees to flex when the neck is raised
43
How can meningitis be prevented?
Meningococcal vaccine to youth 11-12 y/o, booster at 16.
44
What is the tx for bacterial meningitis?
-Early administration of IV broad spectrum abx -Dexamethasone -Tx for dehydration, shock, & seizures
45
What type of precaution is bacterial meningitis?
Droplet
46
What is a brain abscess?
Collection of infectious material w/in brain tissue
47
What is the tx for a brain abscess?
CT-guided aspiration or drain content of abscess & treat for pathogen to decrease ICP
48
What can cause encephalitis?
Viral infections (HSV, west nile), fungal infections
49
What are C.M. of encephalitis?
-HA -fever -confusion -hallucinations -rash -flaccid paralysis -Parkinson-like movements
50
What is the tx regimen for encephalitis?
Acyclovir for HSV infection, amphotericin, & other antifungal agents for fungal infection
51
What is the normal ICP?
<20 mmHg
52
What is the anti-seizure medication given to a pt. with meningitis?
Lorazepam
53
What is the antidote to a benzodiazepine?
Flumazenil
54
Why is the GCS used?
Detects early deterioration of a patient LOC
55
A GCS of 15 is good or bad?
Good
56
A GCS of 8 is good or bad?
Bad
57
What is retrieved during a lumbar puncture?
CSF
58
Name some interventions for seizure precautions.
-Side rails up -Side lying position -Seizure pads against the side rails -Pillow under head -Suction available -Bed in low position -Curtain for privacy
59
What are some common anti epileptic medications?
-Carbamazepine -Lamotrigine -Gabapentin -Levetiracetam -Phenytoin -Valproic Acid
60
Phenytoin is used for what condition?
Seizures
61
What are some infections that can lead to bacterial meningitis?
-Upper respiratory infections -Otitis media -Strep throat -Influenza B
62
What type of meningitis is usually more mild? Bacterial or viral
Viral
63
What are some risks associated with bacterial meningitis?
-Increased ICP -Cerebral Edema -Septic Shock -Coma -Death
64
Can tPA be used for an ischemic stroke?
Yes
65
Can tPA be used for a hemorrhagic stroke?
No
66
What is the IV medication used to decrease ICP?
Mannitol

Nursing 105 (11 decks)

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