Infectious Disease, Exotic Conditions, Bioterror

Question 1

What is the primary bacteria involved in tuberculosis?

Answer 1

Mycobacterium tuberculosis; obligate aerobe

Question 2

What % of TB cases occur in the lungs?

Answer 2

~90%

Question 3

What are the 4 most common s\s of TB?

Answer 3

fever, weight loss, night sweats, fatigue

Question 4

What is the Mantoux Skin Test?

Answer 4

skin test for TB

Question 5

When does the results of the mantoux skin test need to be examined?

Answer 5

within 48-72 hours

Question 6

What indicates a positive mantoux skin test? HIV patients?

Answer 6

induration > 10mm; AIDS induration > 5mm

Question 7

What presentation on a chest radiograph is indicative of severe tuberculosis?

Answer 7

cavitation

Question 8

Where will infiltrates most commonly be seen on a chest radiograph?

Answer 8

apical infiltrates

Question 9

What are the 2 most common antibiotics prescribed for TB?

Answer 9

rifampicin and isoniazid

Question 10

Why is it suggested that only “highly susceptible” populations or individuals receive the TB vaccination (bacillus Calmette-Guerin–BCG)?

Answer 10

it makes the TB skin test falsely positive; may not confer immunity (and the immunity it does induce decreases after 10 years)

Question 11

Which toxin involved in c-diff is the most cytotoxic?

Answer 11

Toxin B is 1000x more cytotoxic than A

Question 12

After how many days of antibiotic therapy does a patients risk of c-diff double?

Answer 12

after 3 days

Question 13

What is the difference in c-diff colonization and infection?

Answer 13

both test + for c-diff organism and/or toxin; colonization is MORE COMMON; infection occurs with + test and presentation of clinical symptoms: watery diarrhea, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain/distention

Question 14

What is the primary cause of malaria?

Answer 14

parasitic protozoans of genus Plasmodium; female mosquito (anopheles gambiae)

Question 15

CDC has identified 3 categories of bioterror agents and diseases. What are included in these categories?

Answer 15

A: anthrax, botulism, plague, smallpox, tularemia, viral hemorrhagic fevers
B: brucellosis, food safety threats, ricin toxin
C: emerging diseases such as Hanta virus or Nipah virus

Question 16

What are the main differences in the CDC classes for bioterror agents?

Answer 16

A: highest priority… easily disseminated or transmissible… high mortality
B: moderately easy to disseminate; moderate morbidity and low mortality
C: emerging pathogens with potential for availability, easy of production/dissemination, high morbidity and mortality