Infectious diseases Flashcards

(62 cards)

1
Q

Measles

A

RNA paromyxovirus
Rash from behind ears
Koplik spot
Warthin finkeldy giant multinucleate cells
pneumonia, otitis media, keratitis, encephaitis
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
at risk if vit A defic - blindness

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2
Q

Mumps

A

RNA paromyxovirus
parotid, orchitis, pancreatitis, asceptic meningitis

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3
Q

acute transient viruses

A

measles
mumps
polio - 1% symptomatic
west nile virus
viral haemorrhagic fever

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4
Q

alpha latent viruses

A

Infect epithelial cells, latent in neurons
HSV1, HSV2, VZV

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5
Q

Beta latent viruses

A

lymphotropic, invade variety cell types
CMV, HHV6 (roseala infantum), HHV7

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6
Q

Gamma latent viruses

A

EBV, HHV8 (kaposi assoc)
latent in lymphoid cells

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7
Q

CMV cells

A

owls eye
large cells, large inculsion bodies surrounded by halo
pleomorphic

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8
Q

EBV

A

atypical cytotoxic T cells
mono
reed sternberg like cells
assoc B cell neoplasm and burkitts

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9
Q

HPV

A

DNA virus
infects squamous epithelial
6&11 low risk
16&18 high
proteins E6+7 supress p53

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10
Q

Staph aureus virulence factors

A

surface protein aderence host cells
enzymes e.g. lipase S degrades lipids
toxins - alph beta, superantigens(TSS)
proteins causing AB resistance

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11
Q

Beta haemolytic trep

A

group A - pyogenes - pharyngitis, scarlet fever, erysipelas, impetigo, rheumatic fever, toxic shock, neck fasc, GN
group B - agalacticae - female genital tract, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis

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12
Q

Alpha haemolytic strep

A

pneumoniae - CAP, meningitis
viridans - mutans group caries and endocarditis

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13
Q

Strep virulence factors

A

GBS + pneum - encapsulated
Pneum - pneumolyin destroys cell membranes
pyogenes - m protein inhibits complement and destroys cell membranes, exotoxin causing fever and rash (scarlet)

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14
Q

Encapsulated bacteria

A

Group B Streptococcus (agalacticae), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Yes some killer bacteria have pretty nice capsules

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15
Q

Diphtheria

A

gram +ve rod
grey exudate over pharynx or skin
membrane off -> bleeding risk asphyxiation
upper airway infections –> heart and nerves
AB toxin

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16
Q

Listeriosis

A

INTRACELLULAR gram +ve rod facultative anaerobe
food bourne
still birth and neonatal sepsis
NK cells early, T cells late
gram +ve intracellular bacilli in CSF

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17
Q

Intracellular bacteia

A

Legionella, Listeria, and Mycobacterium.
Obligate - mycoplasma, rickettsia

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18
Q

Anthrax

A

gram +ve spore forming rod, facultative anaerobe
cutaneous - fine
resp - death
GI - 40% mort
AB toxin

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19
Q

Neisseria

A

gram -ve aerobic diplococci ENCAPSULATED
meningitides - lots of serotypes, 10% mort
gonorrhoea - 2nd most common STI, neonatal conjunctivitis

invade non ciliated epithelia CD46
has OPA protein

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20
Q

Pertussis

A

gram -ve aerobic coccobacillus
dx PCR
invades ciliated epithelial cells
AB toxin
+ toxin paralyses cilia

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21
Q

Pseudomonas

A

opportunistic gram-ve aerobic rod
sever in CF, burns, neutropenic
AB toxin
phospholipase C lyses RBCs and surfactant
Elastase degrades ECM
necrotising inflamation

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22
Q

Infections caused by pseudomonas

A

HAP
keratitis (contact lenses)
swimmers otitis externa
hot tub folliculitis
necrotic lesions in burns
endocarditis IVDU
osteomyelitis IVDU
catheter associated UTI

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23
Q

Mantoux test false

A

-ve - overwhelming viral infection, other viral, sarcoid, malnutritino, immunosupression
+ve - vaccination, atypical mycobacterium

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24
Q

TB interleukins

A

dendritic -> IL12 -> Th1 -> TNFy

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25
Leprosy types
mycobacterium tuberculoid - less severe, granulomas, asymmetrical Th1 lepromatous - symetrical, invades schann cells Th2
26
Syphillis
trepenema pallidum gram -ve spirochete primary - single chancre secondary 2-10w - fever, multiple lesions inc palms and soles, asymptomatic neurosyphilis tertiary - cardiac aortitis, neuro, benign gumma
27
Lyme
gram -ve spirochete borrelia burgdorferi 1. spirochetes in dermis, erythema marginatum 2. migratory joint pain, arrhythmia, meningitis, lymphadenopathy 3. arthropathic large joints, can have neuropathy and encephalitis no toxins produced - damage from host response
28
C perfringens
gram +ve anaerobic rod spore forming cellulitis, myonecrosis, surgical gas gangrene, food poisoning degrades ECM with hyaluronidase an collagenase alpha toxin releases phospholipase C degrading membranes RBCs, plts and muscles
29
C tetani and botulinum
gram +ve anaerobic rod spore forming tetani - neurotoxin causing inc muscle tone, spasm, lock jaw, prevents release inhib neurotransmitters botulinum - inhibits ACh release, flacid paralysis
30
c difficile
gram +ve anaerobic rod spore forming toxin A - fluid secretion and inflam response toxin B - cytotoxin - cell death
31
Chlamydia
obligate intracellular rod, gram -ve needs host for ATP asymptomatic male and female most common STI dx amplified nucleic acid test
32
Rickettsia
obligate intracellular gram -ve rod vector transmission epidemic typhus scrub typhus rocky mountain spotted fever ehrlichiosis
33
Candida
can shift phenotypes binds to cell with integrins and agglutinins forms biofilm systemically can cause abscesses Th17
34
Cryptococcus
encapsulated yeast, polysaccharide capsule bird dropping or soil cavitating lung lesion, meningitis stains red
35
Aspergillus
Mould opportunistic in lung cavities necrotising pneumonia from lung to heart and brain in neutropenic or steroid use
36
Resistance to malaria
point mutation globin - sickle globin deficiency - thalassaemia red cell membrane defect - DARC absence red cell enzyme mutation - G6PD prolonged repeat exposure
37
Virulence malaria falciparum
infect cell any age red cell clumping proteins inhibit cytokine production antigenic variation
38
Protozoal illnesses
unicellular eukaryotic organisms malaria babesiosis - ticks leishmaniasis - infllam skin, MMs, viscera chagas - heart african tryponosomiasis
39
Taenia solium
tape worm from pig cysts (undercooked pork) - attac abdo wall, tape work grows in abdo eggs (faecal food/ water)- through gut wall t blood -> cystericosis to brain, seizures
40
Schistosomiasis
fresh water snails blood to liver liver fibrosis blood in stool haematuria if in bladder risk bladder SCC tx praziquantel
41
Prions
lack RNA an DNA in neurons cause spongiform encephalitis
42
Human bite organisms
strep viridans staph aureus h influenzae anaerobes eikenella corrodens
43
Aschoff bodies
nodules fond in heart with rheumatic fever
44
RNA viruses
HCV, Ebola, SARS, influenza, polio, measles, mumps and retrovirus including HTLV-1 HIV
45
Causes aseptic meningitis
eterovirus pleomorphism raised wcc raised protein normal glucose
46
Osteomyelitis IVDU/ post UTI
E coli, Pseudo­monas, and Klebsiella
47
Cholera
secretory diarrhoea endotoxin - alpha subunit in cytoplasm activates adenyl cyclase which inc cAMP, open CFTR SI
48
Campylobacter
most common bacterial diarrhoea western world chicken water milk 15% dysentry flagella, adherence molecules, cholera like toxin assoc GBS and arthritis
49
Shigella
unencapsulated Gram negative rod facultative anaerobe 50% dysentery high death resistant to stomach acid endotoxin reiters and HUS
50
Salmonella
typhoid and non typhoid diarrhoea typhoid dysentry SI 90% +ve BCs if febrile Gram negative rod
51
Yersinia
pork, water milk ilium, appendix, asc colon reiters syndrome, GN, myocarditis
52
ETEC
enterotoxigenic travellers diarrhoea heat stable toxin inc cGMP heat labile inc cAMP SI
53
EHEC
enterohaemorrhagic large outbreaks dysentry, shigella like toxin HUS, thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
54
EIEC
enteroinvasive no toxins colitis dysentry
55
EAEC
enteroaggregative fimbrae shigella like toxin non bloody diarrhoea assoc aids
56
viral gastro
noro - rna most common rota - dna - most common kids adeno - dna - second most common
57
What do rickettsia and chlamydia invade
Ricketsia endorhelium Chlamydia epithelium
58
Gram positive rods
Clostridium (spore anaerobe) Anthrax Nocardia (aerobic) Diphtheria Listeria
59
Gram positive rods
Clostridium (spore anaerobe) Anthrax Nocardia (aerobic) Diphtheria Listeria
60
Paramyxoviridae
RNA Measles Mumps
61
Polio virus type
Enterovirus RNA Doesn't enter dorsal root ganglion
62
Bacteria using phospholipase c
Pseudomonas C perfringen Bacillus cereus Staph aureus