Infectious lung diseases

Question 1

What are the two infectious lung diseases?

Answer 1

1. Pneumonia (bacterial or viral)
2. Tuberculosis

Question 2

What is Pneumonia?

Answer 2

An acute inflammation of the lungs with alveolar consolidation

Question 3

What is the pathophysiology of pneumonia?

Answer 3

Infectious agent (bacteria or virus) which reaches the lung and causes a inflammatory reaction, may also be the result of an auto immune disease

Question 4

What is the aetiology of pneumonia?

Answer 4

1. Aspiration
2. Contact (trauma or chest tube)
3. Inhalation (droplet)
4. Hemtogenous (circulation)

Question 5

Pneumonia clinical presentation?

Answer 5

1. Inspection: cyanosis, fever, increased RR + shallow breathing, productive cough, dyspnea
2. Palpation: increased tactile fremitus
3. Percussion: dull
4. Auscultation: inspiratory and expiratory crackles, decreased BS
5. ABGs: decreased O2, decreased CO2 (increased RR)
6. CXR: opacities in surrounding alveoli

Question 6

What is Tuberculosis?

Answer 6

Infectious, systemic, inflammatory disease primarily affecting lungs and other organs

Question 7

What is the aetiology of Tuberculosis?

Answer 7

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (airbourne precaution)

Question 8

Clinical presentation of Tuberculosis?

Answer 8

1. Respiratory: Cough (> 2 weeks), dry (early), productive (mucus/BLOOD***)
2. Systemic: fever, fatigue, night sweats, weight loss, may have swollen lymph nodes

Question 9

Dx Tuberculosis?

Answer 9

TB infection: TB skin test, TB blood test
TB disease: CXR, Sputum sample, medical Hx (where have they travelled recently), phys exam

Question 10

Tuberculosis interventions?

Answer 10

1. Medication (NOT PT SCOPE)
2. Secretion clearance techniques
3. Deep breathing
4. Coughing
5. Prevent exposure to others (negative pressure room, N95 mask when entering room)