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Pulmonary function tests Flashcards

(25 cards)

1
Q

Briefly describe obstructive lung diseases

A

Obstructive diseases are characterised by increased resistance to air MOVING OUT and a HYPERINFLATED LUNG

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2
Q

Briefly describe restrictive lung diseases

A

Restrictive diseases are characterised by increased resistance to air MOVING IN and a HYPERDEFLATED LUNG

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3
Q

What are the categories of pulmonary function tests?

A
  1. Volume
  2. Capacity
  3. Flow
  4. Diffusion studies
  5. Resp muscle strength
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4
Q

What is the normal breathing term called?

A

Tidal volume

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5
Q

What is the volume of air always present during maximal expiration called?

A

Residual volume

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6
Q

The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled during normal inspiration

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

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7
Q

The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled during normal expiration

A

Expiratory reserve volume

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8
Q

What makes up total lung capacity?

A

Residual volume and vital capacity

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9
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

The combination of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume

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10
Q

What makes up inspiratory capacity?

A

tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume

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11
Q

What makes up functional residual capacity

A

residual volume and expiratory reserve volume

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12
Q

What are the 4 lung capacities?

A
  1. Vital Capacity (VC)
  2. Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
  3. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
  4. Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
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13
Q

What are the 4 lung volumes?

A

Tidal volume, insp reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume

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14
Q

What are the conditions with decreased tidal volume?

A

restrictive disease, lung cancer, atelectasis, MSK impairment

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15
Q

What are the conditions with decreased ERV?

A

pneumothroax, pleural effusion, ascites

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16
Q

What is the key thing to remember between restrictive and obstructive?

A

All lung volumes are greater with obstructive and all lung volumes are less with restrictive

17
Q

What are the 3 measures for flow?

A

FEV (forced expiratory volume), FVC (forced vital capacity), FEV1 over FVC%

18
Q

What is forced vital capacity? FVC

A

The maximum amout of air that can be expired after max inhalation

19
Q

What is an obstructive disease identifier on a flow chart?

A

Low FEV1 and low FEV1/FVC%

20
Q

What is a restrictive disease identifier on a flow chart?

21
Q

Differentiate between the GOLD classifications of COPD

A
  1. FEV1> 80% predicted = MILD
  2. FEV1 50-80% predicted = MODERATE
  3. FEV1 30-50% predicted = SEVERE
  4. FEV1 <30% predicted or FEV1 <50% preductive + chronic resp failure = VERY SEVERE
22
Q

What is a diffusion study?

A

Diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (measure functioning of gas exchange from lungs (alveoli) to blood (capillaries)

23
Q

What does LOW DLCO mean?

A

problem with either pulmonary or circulatory system (emphysema, fibrosis, anemia)

24
Q

What does HIGH DLCO mean?

A

problem with the circulatory system (polycythemia or increased red blood cells) NOT pulmonary
RBCs have a high affinity for CO2 over O2

25
What are the 2 respiratory muscle strength tests?
1. MIP (maximal inspiratory pressure) 2. MEP (maximal expiratory pressure) Indications for use - when resp muscle weakness suspected - when prescribing an inspiratory muscle trainer - outcome measure for resp muscle strength