Pulmonary function tests

Question 1

Briefly describe obstructive lung diseases

Answer 1

Obstructive diseases are characterised by increased resistance to air MOVING OUT and a HYPERINFLATED LUNG

Question 2

Briefly describe restrictive lung diseases

Answer 2

Restrictive diseases are characterised by increased resistance to air MOVING IN and a HYPERDEFLATED LUNG

Question 3

What are the categories of pulmonary function tests?

Answer 3

1. Volume
2. Capacity
3. Flow
4. Diffusion studies
5. Resp muscle strength

Question 4

What is the normal breathing term called?

Answer 4

Tidal volume

Question 5

What is the volume of air always present during maximal expiration called?

Answer 5

Residual volume

Question 6

The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled during normal inspiration

Answer 6

Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 7

The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled during normal expiration

Answer 7

Expiratory reserve volume

Question 8

What makes up total lung capacity?

Answer 8

Residual volume and vital capacity

Question 9

What is vital capacity?

Answer 9

The combination of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume

Question 10

What makes up inspiratory capacity?

Answer 10

tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume

Question 11

What makes up functional residual capacity

Answer 11

residual volume and expiratory reserve volume

Question 12

What are the 4 lung capacities?

Answer 12

1. Vital Capacity (VC)
2. Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
3. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
4. Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Question 13

What are the 4 lung volumes?

Answer 13

Tidal volume, insp reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume

Question 14

What are the conditions with decreased tidal volume?

Answer 14

restrictive disease, lung cancer, atelectasis, MSK impairment

Question 15

What are the conditions with decreased ERV?

Answer 15

pneumothroax, pleural effusion, ascites

Question 16

What is the key thing to remember between restrictive and obstructive?

Answer 16

All lung volumes are greater with obstructive and all lung volumes are less with restrictive

Question 17

What are the 3 measures for flow?

Answer 17

FEV (forced expiratory volume), FVC (forced vital capacity), FEV1 over FVC%

Question 18

What is forced vital capacity? FVC

Answer 18

The maximum amout of air that can be expired after max inhalation

Question 19

What is an obstructive disease identifier on a flow chart?

Answer 19

Low FEV1 and low FEV1/FVC%

Question 20

What is a restrictive disease identifier on a flow chart?

Answer 20

Low FVC

Question 21

Differentiate between the GOLD classifications of COPD

Answer 21

1. FEV1> 80% predicted = MILD
2. FEV1 50-80% predicted = MODERATE
3. FEV1 30-50% predicted = SEVERE
4. FEV1 <30% predicted or FEV1 <50% preductive + chronic resp failure = VERY SEVERE

Question 22

What is a diffusion study?

Answer 22

Diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (measure functioning of gas exchange from lungs (alveoli) to blood (capillaries)

Question 23

What does LOW DLCO mean?

Answer 23

problem with either pulmonary or circulatory system (emphysema, fibrosis, anemia)

Question 24

What does HIGH DLCO mean?

Answer 24

problem with the circulatory system (polycythemia or increased red blood cells) NOT pulmonary
RBCs have a high affinity for CO2 over O2

Question 25

What are the 2 respiratory muscle strength tests?

Answer 25

1. MIP (maximal inspiratory pressure) 2. MEP (maximal expiratory pressure) Indications for use - when resp muscle weakness suspected - when prescribing an inspiratory muscle trainer - outcome measure for resp muscle strength