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Flashcards in Infective endocarditis Deck (7):
1

What are the risk factors for endocarditis

1.) Prosthetic heart valve
2.) Injection drug use
3.) Dental procedures that cause BLEEDING
4.) Previous endocarditis
5.) Unrepaired cyanotic heart disease

2

What symptoms must you look out for to suspect that endocarditis is present

Fever + new-onset murmur

3

Once you determine that someone has fever and new-onset murmur for endocarditis, what is the next steps

Step 1: Blood cultures
Step 2: If blood cultures positive, proceed to TTE
Step 3: If TTE negative, proceed to TEE

Two positive blood cultures + positive echo = TEE

Note: HACEK organisms not on blood cultures

4

What would an abnormal echo show for endocarditis

Valvular vegetation or abscess or new partial dehiscence of prosthetic valve

5

What is the initial treatment for endocarditis

Empiric treatment: Vancomycin and gentamicin in combination for 4-6 weeks

Surgery if anatomic defects such as valve rupture, abscess, prosthetic valves, fungal, and embolic events

6

What organisms are capable of causing infective endocarditis

1.) Staph aureus
2.) Strep viridans
3.) Strep bovis - do colonoscopy too
4.) Strep epidermis
5.) Enterococci

7

You can also give prophylactic therapy for endocarditis but it depends on certain cardiac defects and procedures. What situations would you give it

Cardiac defects: Prosthetic valves, unrepaired cyanotic heart disease, previous endocarditis, transplant recipients (not murmurs or pacemakers)

Procedures: Dental procedures that cause bleeding (use amoxicillin), respiratory tract surgery, skin surgery (not scoping, ob/gyn procedures, or dental fillings)

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