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Inflammation Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of skin…

A 
Protection
• Temperature regulation
• Psychosocial wellbeing
• Sensation
• Production of vitamin D
• Immune support
• Absorption
• Elimination
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2
Q

First line of defense against microorganisms

A

Skin

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3
Q

Factors affecting skin resistance to injury

A

Age, amount of underlying tissue, and illness or injury.

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4
Q

Cells that have adequate nutrition and hydration are….

A

resistant to injury

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5
Q

Largest organ in the body

A

Skin

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6
Q

What is needed to maintain cellular life?

A

Adequate circulation

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7
Q

With aging, the structure of skin changes, placing

individuals at risk for…

A

infection or injury

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8
Q

Skin and mucosal membranes are easily injured and at risk for
infection

A

Infants

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9
Q

Skin is thinner and weaker than adult skin

A

Children younger than 2

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10
Q

skin increases in resistance to injury and infection

A

Children

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11
Q

Thin skin due to prolonged maturation of skin cells, decrease
skin elasticity

A

Older Adult

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12
Q

Very thin or obese patients have an

A

increased risk for

skin injury and irritation

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13
Q

Fluid loss during an illness may result in

A

Dehydration

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14
Q

Skin may be loose or flabby…

A

Dehydration

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15
Q

Fluid loss during an illness may result in

A

skin breakdown

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16
Q

Disease of the skin may cause lesions or breakdown

A

Eczema, psoriasis, HIV

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17
Q

Inappropriate and potentially harmful response of the

immune system to an allergen

A

Allergic Reaction

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18
Q

Inflammatory response that is protective in nature, Helps to eliminate invading pathogens, Allows for tissue repair

A

Immune Response

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19
Q

An injury, usually involving division of tissue or rupture of the integument or mucous membrane, due to external violence or some mechanical agency rather than disease

A

Intentional wound

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20
Q

Accidental. Occur from unexpected trauma such as from accidents, forcible injury. Contamination, unsterile environment, jagged edged, multiple trauma, and bleeding uncontrolled.

A

Unintentional Wound

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21
Q

Intentional wounds heal by…

A

Primary Intention

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22
Q

Unintentional wounds heal by…

A

Secondary intention

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23
Q

Any wound that is breaking through the skin

A

Open Wound

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24
Q

Open wounds are ________ + ________ .

A

Primary + Secondary

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25
Ecchymosis, hematomas, wound from force, strain or trauma to the body.
Closed wound
26
Wound caused by surgery incision; planned, tissue aligned.
incisional
27
damage to underlying tissue
contusion
28
Scrape
Abrasion
29
Slice, cut. | tissue is not aligned.
laceration
30
Blood drawn, stepping on nail.
Puncture
31
Object has risk of staying in body; glass window breaks, penetrates arm.
Penetrating.
32
Tearing of the tissue
Avulsion
33
Can lead to necrosis of tissue
Chemical/thermal/irradiation
34
ulcer within vein due to injury to structure of vein wall
venous ulcer
35
Caused by lack of blood flow and unawareness of injury
diabetic ulcer
36
A systemic response occurs within the body when
exposed to trauma
37
Wound healing is impacted by
extent of healing + overall health status
38
Corticosteroids __________ healing.
slow down
39
Stoppage of blood flow
Hemostasis
40
Get rid of debris
Inflammatory
41
Growth of new tissue
Proliferation
42
Remodeling and support of new tissue
Maturation
43
4 phases of wound healing
1) Hemostasis 2) Inflammatory 3) Proliferation 4) Maturation
44
Occurs immediately after the initial injury has | occurred
Hemostasis
45
Blood vessels constrict and blood clotting begins
Hemostasis
46
Exudate is formed
Hemostasis
47
Increased perfusion to the area causes warmth and | erythema
Hemostasis
48
Platelets stimulate other cells to migrate to the area | of injury to further help in the healing process
Hemostasis
49
Follows hemostasis, lasts approximately 4-6 days
Inflammatory
50
WBC move into wound
Inflammatory
51
Macrophages enter the wound and remain for an | extended period of time
Inflammatory
52
Macrophages ingest the debris within the wound | and release growth factors
Inflammatory
53
Growth factors attract fibroblasts to fill in the wound and decrease the dead space
Inflammatory
54
Generalized body response; Increased temperature, leukocytosis, malaise
Inflammatory
55
Known as fibroblastic, regenerative, or connective tissue phase
PROLIFERATION
56
Beings roughly 2 to 3 days after the injury and may last 2-3 weeks
PROLIFERATION
57
New tissue is built to fill in the wound space, through the action of fibroblasts
PROLIFERATION
58
Capillaries grow across the wound
PROLIFERATION
59
Thin layer of epithelial cells from across the surface of the wound; Basement membrane
PROLIFERATION
60
• Blood flow occurs across the wound, providing oxygen | and nutrition to the newly developing tissues
PROLIFERATION
61
Granulation tissue forms the foundation of scar tissue | development
PROLIFERATION
62
Final stage of healing; Remodeling phase
MATURATION
63
Beings 3 weeks to 6 months after the initial injury
MATURATION
64
Collagen fibers within the wound are remodeled; The healed wound becomes stronger and begins to resemble surrounding tissue
MATURATION
65
New collagen tissue continues to be deposited into the wound
MATURATION
66
Scar develops
MATURATION
67
Thin, flat, white line that does not tan, sweat, or grow hair
Scar
68
4 Classifications of Wound Drainage
* Serous * Sanguineous * Serosangiuneous * Purulent
69
Clear, watery fluid
Serous
70
blood drainage
Sanguineous
71
pink drainage
Serosangiuneous
72
pus drainage
Purulent
73
``` Occur directly at the wound • Pressure • Desiccation • Maceration • Trauma • Edema • Infection • Excessive bleeding • Necrosis • Biofilm ```
Local factors
74
* Age * Circulation * Oxygenation * Nutritional status * Wound condition * Medications * Overall health status * Immunosuppression
Systemic Factors
75
Dehydration of wound
dessication
76
too much moisture in the wound
maceration
77
Complications of wound healing (5)
* Infection * Hemorrhage * Dehiscence * Evisceration * Fistula formation
78
Clump of microorganisms that form a protective sheet over wound
biofilm
79
Physiological effects of wounds (4)
* Pain * Anxiety * Fear * Changes in body image
80
Wound Assessment
ISPS 1) Inspection 2) Smell 3) Palpation 4) Suture (drains, tubes)
81
Inspection...
Appearance of wound + dressing, Size of wound, signs of infection.
82
Smell...
any foul odor?
83
Palpation...
Drainage, Pain, Temperature, Moisture
84
Sutures, Drains, Tubes...
Any complications with any of these?
85
4 Types of Wound Drains
* Penrose * Jackson-Pratt * Hemovac * Woundvac
86
How many stages of pressure ulcers are there?
4, and then unstageable.
87
Non-blanchable erythema
Stage I Pressure Ulcer
88
Partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis
Stage II Pressure Ulcer
89
Bone/tendon is not visible or directly palpable
Stage III Pressure Ulcer
90
Full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle. Slough or eschar may be present on some parts of the wound bed.
Stage Stage IV Pressure Ulcer
91
Constricts peripheral blood vessels, reduces muscle spasms, | and promotes comfort
Cold
92
Factors impacting hot and cold therapy
Method/duration Degree of heat/cold applied Clients age/condition Amount of body surface being covered by application
93
Effects of heat application
- Dilation of blood vessels - Reduced blood viscosity - Increased capillary permeability - Reduced muscle tension + pain - Increased cardiac output, sweating, heart rate - Decreased blood pressure
94
Methods of Heat Therapy
* Hot water bags or bottles * Electric heating pads * Aquathermia pads * Hot packs * Moist heat * Sitz bath * Warm soaks
95
Effects of Cold Therapy
``` • Peripheral vessel constriction • Reduces muscle spasms • Promotes comfort • Reduces blood flow • Reduces pain • Reduces edema and inflammation • Decreased metabolic demands and capillary permeability control bleeding • Prolong therapy may increase blood pressure or cause shivering ```
96
Methods of Cold Therapy
* Ice bags * Cold packs * Moist cold * Cold compresses

Concepts (15 decks)

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