Stress + Anxiety Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
Positive way to deal with stress
A
relaxation techniques
2
Q
Stress is not always bad. When is this the case?
A
When it motivates us
3
Q
Stress can affect….
A
mental status, emotional status, spiritual status
4
Q
Diseases associated with stress
A
hypertension, insomnia, cardiovascular disease, etc, asthma, GI problems
5
Q
Stimulus causing stress
A
Stressor
6
Q
Anything an individual may perceive as threatening,
demanding, or a challenge
A
Stressor
7
Q
Stressors are…
A
individualized
8
Q
Stressors tend to do what over time?
A
change
9
Q
Internal stressors
A
Menopause, andropause, fear, apprehension, anxiety
10
Q
External stressors
A
Noise, people, objects
11
Q
Physiologic stressors have an affect on the…
A
body. specific + general effect; specific leg, arm, etc.)
12
Q
Psychosocial stressors have an affect on the…
A
mind, emotions, psychological part of body.
13
Q
Real and perceived threats
A
Psychosocial
14
Q
Two types of stress
A
Situational
Maturational/developmental
15
Q
Dependent on situation you are in; individualized.
A
Situational stress.
16
Q
Stress that everyone goes through as we are developing
A
Maturational/developmental stress
17
Q
Long term stress may lead to…
A
Physical + emotional damage
Changes in your ability to adapt
Longer healing time for illness (decreased immune system)
18
Q
How does stress play a role on he family?
A
May make them stressed, may make them anxious. Family must understand stress, must understand persons response to stress.
19
Q
Crisis that somebody may have as they are developong (mid-life crisis)
A
Maturational Crisis
20
Q
personal crisis, individualized.
A
Situational Crisis
21
Q
a rare accidental and unexpected tragedy that may affect an entire community or population, such as an earthquake, flood, or airplane crash. In addition to injuries, loss of life, and property damage, an adventitious crisis often results in long-term psychological effects.
A
Adventitious Crisis
22
Q
Ineffective coping mechanisms
A
Drinking, drugs, unhealthy habits
23
Q
Immediate and involuntary coping response to the
stress
A
Adaptation
24
Q
changes that take place as a result to…
A
the response of the stressor
25
Adaptation can occur at...
the individual level as well within the
| family and groups the individual may be apart of
26
Needed for normal growth and development,
response to emotional and physical stressors, and
the ability to cope with change
Adaptation
27
Body interaction with ever constantly changing
| environment; External and internal environments
Homeostasis
28
Internal environment must maintain consistency
| and remain balanced
Homeostasis
29
physiologic mechanisms within the
| body responding to the internal changes
Homeostasis
30
The major systems to maintain homeostasis
Autonomic Nervous System and Endocrine System
31
Autonomic Nervous System and Endocrine System have both a ______ + _______ response
Sympathetic + Parasympathetic
32
Reflex pain response, Inflammatory response
LAS-Local Adaptation Syndrome
33
Alarm reaction, Stage of resistance, Stage of exhaustion
GAS-General Adaptation Syndrome
34
Localized response to
| pain
Local Adaptation Syndrome
35
Involves the specific
body part rather than the
whole body
Local Adaptation Syndrome
36
Central nervous
system response to
pain
Reflex Pain Response
37
Short-term adaptive
response to traumatic or
pathologic stress
Local Adaptation Response
38
Local response to
| injury or infection
Inflammatory Response
39
General response to stress
General Adaptation Syndrome
40
Physical or emotional stressor causing the
| physiologic response
General Adaptation Syndrome
41
Occurs as a result of physical or psychological
| damage
General Adaptation Syndrome
42
Also known as "shock phase"
Alarm Reaction
43
End of ALarm reaction is known as...
Countershock phase
44
Alarm reaction has...
Specific stressors + various defense mechanisms
45
The Stage of Resistance
Adaption of the stressor, Vital signs, hormones, energy levels return to normal
46
GAS has 3 phases
Alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion
47
Stage of Exhaustion
Results as adaptive mechanisms can no longer provide a defense mechanism
48
Feelings of love, sense of belonging, feeling safe,
| and having self-esteem; Needed to maintain mental wellbeing
Psychological Homeostasis
49
When needs of psychological homeostasis are not met...
coping mechanisms
| promote return to emotional balance
50
Without the proper resources...
```
adaptation cannot
take place (leads to increased feelings of stress)
```
51
Connection between physiologic stressors and the
| physiologic stress response; how the body perceives stress.
Mind-Body Interaction
52
Examples of mind-body interaction
Throwing up, frequently using bathroom, crying, choking feeling, heart palpations
53
Mind-Body interaction is...
individualized (duration of stress, adaptation mechanisms, life changing events
54
Alliterations in health status related to prolonged stress; Nausea, heart palpitations
Psychosomatic Disorders
55
Most common response to stress
Anxiety
56
Vague, uneasy feeling of dread or discomfort; Usually the source is unknown, which can make it more difficult to
treat
Anxiety
57
A feeling of dread with a known threat
Fear
58
Anxiety is apprehension related to...
Anticipation of Danger
59
Anxiety can be used as...
a protective mechanism .
60
Causes of anxiety?
Unexpected life events, fear of unknown, etc.
61
______ anxiety may have a positive effect.
Mild
62
Levels of anxiety?
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Panic
63
Prolonged anxiety can lead to...
decreases in functional abilities (OCD, PTSD, ETC)
64
Day-to-day life situations; Increases alertness, senses, and learning
Mild Anxiety
65
Can be a motivator for learning and growth and
| development
Mild Anxiety
66
May interfere with sleep but can promote problem
| solving
Mild Anxiety
67
Clinical manifestations of Mild Anxiety
Restlessness, Increased questioning, Irritability.
68
Narrowing of the individuals perceptual field; Focus and concern is on the immediate problem
Moderate Anxiety
69
Clinical Manifestations of Moderate Anxiety
```
Quavering voice
Tremors
^ muscle tension
Butterflies in stomach
Slight increase in HR, Pulse and Resp
Tension
Pounding heart
```
70
Narrower perceptual field; Focused on the specific details of the problem, but problem solving is not possible
Sever anxiety
71
No longer a motivator or signal of danger
Severe Anxiety
72
Characteristics of Severe Anxiety
Impaired learning and easily distracted
Extreme fear of dangers that are not real
Emotional distress which interferes with daily living
Avoidance of situations that cause anxiety
73
Clinical Manifestations of Severe Anxiety
Difficulty with verbal communication
Increased motor activity
Nausea/vomiting
74
Physical Assessment for Stress
```
Cardiac arrhythmias
Chest pain
Headache
Hyperventilation
Diarrhea
Tense muscles
Skin lesions
Disheveled appearance
Postural changes
Poor eye contact
Restlessness
Wringing of hands
Expressionless
Changes in vocal tone and
speech patterns
Lack of facial expression
```
75
Total loss of control; Unable to learn, focus is only on the situation
Panic
76
Experiences feelings of dread and terror
Panic
77
Characteristics of Panic
- Increased physical activity
- Distorted perception
- Loss of rationale thinking
78
Clinical Manifestations of Panic
- Difficulty with verbal communication
- Agitation and trembling
- Poor motor control
- Sensory changes
79
Conscious behaviors used to combat stress and anxiety
Coping Mechanisms
80
How are coping mechanisms learned?
within the family, past experiences, or sociocultural affiliations
81
Coping mechanisms may be positive or negative
```
Crying
Laughing
Sleeping
Swearing
Physical activity
Smoking or drinking
Withdrawal
```
82
Attack behaviors
may be constructive or deconstructive; how to attack this problem? may lead to hostility.
83
Unconscious reaction to the stressor
Defense Mechanism
84
Defense mechanisms protect the individual's...
self-esteem
85
Withdrawal can be
positive or negative
86
Defense mechanisms are used with
mild to moderate anxiety
87
Defense mechanisms can
distort reality and create social problems (maladaptive rather than adaptive)
88
I'm not good at school, so I'll excel in sports.
Compensation Defense Mechanism maladaptive)
89
Failing to realize a condition or a situation
Denial (maladaptive)
90
Placing your traits and beliefs onto someone else. (we have to eat dinner before dessert)
Introjection Defense Mechanism
91
Wrongly placing your feelings on another. (taking out emotions on another)
Displacement Defense Mechanism
92
Blaming outcome of situation on a reason that is not actually at fault. (kid's fault for divorce)
Projection Defense Mechanism
93
Trying to make something unacceptable into something acceptable. (Everyone else is doing it)
Rationalization Defense Mechanism
94
Making yourself like or do something that you do not like or do. (hate kids, so work with kids)
Reaction Formation Defense Mechanism
95
Going back to earlier stage of development (dementia)
Regression Defense Mechanism
96
Voluntarily not thinking about anxiety/stress
Repression Defense Mechanism
97
Substituting a social unacceptable thought, trait, behavior for something that is acceptable.
Sublimation Defense Mechanism (always constructive)
98
Denial of disturbing situation or experience (seeing blood in urine, ignoring it)
Suppression Defense Mechanism (only conscious defense)
99
Trying to fix something we have said or done, taking something back.
Undoing Defense Mechanism
100
Failed coping mechanisms may lead to
Crisis phase
101
Trial and Error attempts may or may not work, which can lead to increased anxiety
Crisis Phase
102
Anxiety becomes overwhelming; Leads to serious maladaptive personality degeneration.
Crisis Phase
103
With the crisis continuing, the individual finds new ways
| to cope, potentially leading to the resolution of the crisis. If not, _______ may occur.
Death.
| Suicide, physical problems r/t panic
104
Steps of Crisis Intervention
- Identify Problem
- List ways to problem solve
- Choose btwn alternatives
- Implement plan
- Evaluate
105
Crisis resolution is temporary, and lasts
4-6 weeks
106
Resolution may cause a
decrease in functional ability
107
Resolution depends on
the individual, the situation, and the environment
108
In a crisis, nurses need to...
take an active role + intervene early.
109
During a crisis, individuals are assumed to be
mentally healthy but in a
| state of disequilibrium
110
During a crisis, you must set
Realistic goals, focused on the present problem
111
Stress Effects on an Ill Client
Attempts to maintain self-esteem, relationships,
| and prepare for an uncertain future
112
Stress Effects on an Ill Client illness-related)
-Loss of independence, adjustments to pain and symptom
control, new environments,
-Develop relationships with strangers
-Economic and family problems may arise
113
Stress Effects on an Ill Client’s Family
-Changes in role, status, or structure
-Care giver role strain
-Isolation from loved one
-Loss of control on environment and routine
-Anger, helplessness, guilt
-Lack of knowledge regarding disease, treatment,
outlook
-Concern over financial stability
114
Prolonged Effects of Stress
- Disruptions in homeostasis
- Failure of adaptive mechanisms
- Increasing difficulty to return to normal functioning
- Threat to mental health function
