Inflammation

Question 1

Excudate

Answer 1

High protein and fluid

Question 2

Transudate

Answer 2

Low protein

Question 3

Name the two types of immunity

Answer 3

Innate - Born with

Adaptive - infection / vaccination induced

Question 4

Interleukin responsible for fever

Answer 4

Il-1

Il-6

Question 5

What interleukin stimulates release of chemokines

Answer 5

IL-1

Question 6

What type of inflammation shows a high density of neutrophils?

Answer 6

Acute inflammation

Question 7

Whats the half life of neutrophils?

Answer 7

6-8 hours

Question 8

If a monocyte is induced with IL-4

What happens?

Answer 8

Tissue repair

Question 9

If a monocyte is induced by IL-10

Answer 9

Induces it to clean up after infection

Question 10

If a monocyte is induced by IFN-G

Answer 10

Vigorous killing like neutrophils

Question 11

What releases serotonin?

What does it cause?

Answer 11

Platelets

Vasodilation / Increase permeability

Question 12

What releases prostaglandins?

What does these cause?

Answer 12

MC / Leukocytes

Vasodilation / Pain / Fever

Question 13

Leukotrines increase what?

Answer 13

Leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis

Question 14

What type of response is chronic inflammation?

Answer 14

Primary and prolonged response

Question 15

Name the 5 cell types found in CI

Answer 15

Monocytes

Macrophages

Lymphocytes

Plasma cells

Fibroblasts

Question 16

The 5 characteristics found with acute inflammation are?

Answer 16

RCDTL

Question 17

Name the 3 major components of acute inflammation

Answer 17

Vasodilation

Increased vascular permeability

Cellular recruitment

Question 18

How is increased vascular permeability achieved?

Answer 18

Retraction of endothelial cells

From NO/Histamine

Question 19

Haemorrhagic exudate

Answer 19

Large component of RBC due to ruptured blood vessels

Question 20

What does fibrinous exudate contain a lot of?

Answer 20

Fibrinogen

Question 21

Purulent exudate contains what?

Answer 21

Pus

Question 22

During Chronic Inflammation, What occurs simultaneously?

Answer 22

Tissue Destruction + Repair

Question 23

What is the 3 Characteristics of CI?

Answer 23

Infiltration of Mononuclear Cells

Proliferation of fibroblasts

Tissue Destruction

Question 24

Name a persistant Chronic Inflammation microorgansims

Answer 24

Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Question 25

Prolonged Exposure to a toxic agent which leads to CI could be what?

Answer 25

Pulmonary Silicosis

Question 26

Endogenous Material causing CI could be (3)

Answer 26

Necrotic adipose tissue Bone Uric Acid

Question 27

Exogenous Materials causing CI could be (2)

Answer 27

Silica Suture Materials

Question 28

Name an interleukin which activates macrophages

Answer 28

IFN-G

Question 29

Name the interleukin that is released by Activated Macrophages

Answer 29

IL-1 TNF-a

Question 30

Name the 4 effects which occur from Activated Macrophages

Answer 30

Acute phase Endothelial Fibroblast Leukocyte

Question 31

Non specific CI is caused by what?

Answer 31

Persistent Chemotaxis

Question 32

Name an example of a Nonspecific CI

Answer 32

Ulcerative Colitis

Question 33

What is there an accumulation of in Non specific CI?

Answer 33

Accumulation of macrophages / leukocytes

Question 34

Granulomatous CI is a protective response to what? GIve an example of a drug and a microorganism

Answer 34

Foreign Material (sutures) Allopurinol Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Question 35

What occurs in the local manifestation of inflammation

Answer 35

Vasodilation / Increased Permeability

Question 36

What occurs in the systemic manifestation of inflammation?

Answer 36

Fever (IL-1) Lymph node enlargement

Question 37

Name a non infectious cause of CI

Answer 37

Obesity

Question 38

Name a metabolic Change which can occur from Chronic Inflammation

Answer 38

Impaired insulin signalling Type 2 diabetes

Question 39

Where can malignant tumours develop?

Answer 39

At the site of Chronic Injury

Question 40

Name 4 things which are similar between CI / Cancer

Answer 40

Cell proliferation Angiogenesis Change in E-Cadherins Keratinocytes hyper proliferate

Question 41

If there are fewer chemokines present, what happens to tumour growth?

Answer 41

Restricted tumour growth

Question 42

CI of the lung leads to the destruction of what?

Answer 42

Destruction of the parenchyma

Question 43

During Acute Inflammation, what fills the alveolar spaces?

Answer 43

Neutrophils

Question 44

Silicosis Asthma is caused by what?

Answer 44

Inhaled Silica Crystalline dust

Question 45

Name 4 factors which increase inflammation

Answer 45

Trans FA High GI Excessive Alcohol Smoking

Question 46

Name 4 factors which decrease inflammation

Answer 46

Omega 3 Low GI Dietary Fibres Arginine rich foods

Question 47

What are the 4 outcomes of Acute Inflammation

Answer 47

Resolution Repair by fibrosis Abscess formation CI

Question 48

What causes abscess formation in acute inflammation

Answer 48

Progenitor bacteria Staph. Aureus

Question 49

Name 3 stimuli for acute inflammation

Answer 49

Trauma (blunt) Foreign bodies (splinter) Thermal injury

Question 50

Name an acute phase reaction

Answer 50

Fever Decreased sleep

Question 51

Name Endothelial effects

Answer 51

Increased leukocyte adherence

Question 52

Fibroblast effect

Answer 52

Increase in protease

Question 53

Leukocyte effect

Answer 53

Il-1 /6 secretion

Question 54

What growth factors released from activated macrophages | (IFN-G) which increases collagen synthesis

Answer 54

PDGF / FGF =proliferation of fibroblasts

Question 55

What activity is decreased which decreases collagen degradation

Answer 55

Activated macrophages decrease METALLOPROTEINASE Therefore decreased collagen degradation