Neoplasia

Question 1

Which type of cancer is highest in males?

Answer 1

Lungs (16%)

Question 2

Which type of cancer has the highest mortality rate males?

Answer 2

Lung

Question 3

Which type of cancer is the most freq. diagnosed? Males

Answer 3

Prostate

Question 4

Define neoplasia

Answer 4

Abnormal/continuous division of cells which are no longer subject to homeostatic mechanisms

Regeneration > lost

Question 5

What 3 characteristics / disturbances are found in neoplastic cells?

Answer 5

Cell proliferation

Differentiation

Relationship between neighbour cells

Question 6

Name a growth factor so a cell can divide

Answer 6

TGF-B

Question 7

What can a cell create to stimulate its own division?

Answer 7

PDGF

Autocrine loop

Question 8

What GF is part of angiogenesis?

Answer 8

VEGF

bFGF

Question 9

Name the 3 types of different structures found in cancer cells

Answer 9

Bi /Tri Lobed nuclei

Irregular shaped

Pleomorphic

Question 10

Is growth fast / Slow in benign cells

Answer 10

Slow

Question 11

Are there ulcerations in Malignant cells?

Answer 11

Frequent ulcerations

Question 12

Which type of cancer has haemorrhages?

Answer 12

Malignant

Question 13

Which type of cancer had an irregular feel?

Answer 13

Malignant

Question 14

Which type of cancer has mitotic figures?

Answer 14

Malignant

Question 15

Basement membrane discontinuing shows what type of cancer?

Answer 15

Malignant

Question 16

90% cancers originate where?

Answer 16

Epithelium

As first contact with enviroment

Question 17

Benign squamous

Answer 17

Squamous Papilloma

Question 18

Malignant squamous

Answer 18

Squamous carcinoma

Question 19

Carcinoma is what type of cancer?

Answer 19

Malignant

Question 20

Sarcoma are what type of cancer?

Answer 20

Malignant

Question 21

Oma ending will be what type of cancer?

Except which two types?

Answer 21

Benign

Melanoma

Lymphoma

Question 22

Asbestos and radon increase what type of cancer?

Answer 22

Lung

Question 23

High fat low fibre will lead to what type of cancer?

Answer 23

Colorectal

Question 24

Where are fibrous capsules derivied from?

Answer 24

ECM of native tissue

Question 25

Can all malignant cancers metastasise?

Answer 25

No Glial cells in CNS

Question 26

What increases the likelihood of a cancer cell metastasising?

Answer 26

The more aggressive ive it is with a higher growth rate

Question 27

Name two cancers with HIGH growth rates

Answer 27

Leukaemias Lymphomas

Question 28

Name two cancers with low Growth rates

Answer 28

Breast Colon

Question 29

Name the 4 pathways of metastasis

Answer 29

Direct seeding Lymphatic spread Haematogenous spread Transcoelomic spread

Question 30

Which metastasis spread is most common?

Answer 30

Lymphatic

Question 31

Haematogenous spread is more common with which type of malignant cancer type?

Answer 31

Typical with sarcomas Sometimes carcinomas

Question 32

Increase in age at lead to an accumulation of what?

Answer 32

Somatic mutations

Question 33

Name a syndrome which is characteristic of a mutation in the DNA repair pathway

Answer 33

Blooms syndrome

Question 34

Proto-oncogenes

Answer 34

Umutated genes that promote cell growth

Question 35

Name the process of loss of adhesion to a basement membrane

Answer 35

Anoikis

Question 36

What type of enzyme is present in 95% of cancer cells

Answer 36

Telomerase

Question 37

What glycoproteins are responsible for the communication between cells

Answer 37

E-Cadherin cells

Question 38

Tumour cells travelling thorugh the spaces in the matrix is called what migration?

Answer 38

Ameboid migration

Question 39

Name two proteolyric enzymes that are released from tumour cells

Answer 39

Colegenase Stromelysin

Question 40

Name the 3 letters and meanings of the clinical staging of cancer

Answer 40

T-Tumour size (how far its penetrated) N- number of nodes its invaded M- Has it metastasise

Question 41

T1

Answer 41

Invasion into submucosa layer

Question 42

T0

Answer 42

In situ

Question 43

T2

Answer 43

Invasion into underlying muscular layer

Question 44

T3

Answer 44

Invasion THROUGH muscular layer

Question 45

T4

Answer 45

Into peritoneal cavity

Question 46

N0

Answer 46

No spread

Question 47

N1

Answer 47

1-3 nodes

Question 48

N2

Answer 48

4+

Question 49

N3

Answer 49

Outside localised area

Question 50

M1

Answer 50

Metastasise

Question 51

T3 N1 M0

Answer 51

50% Chemo

Question 52

T4 N1 M0

Answer 52

40% Chemo

Question 53

T4 N1 M1

Answer 53

30%

Question 54

T3 N0 M0

Answer 54

80%

Question 55

T4 N0 M0

Answer 55

60-70%

Question 56

What is the most common site for sarcomas

Answer 56

Lung

Question 57

Which cancer is common with lymphatic spread

Answer 57

Carcinomas