Inflammation- Dr. Fuentealba

Question 1

Inflammation

Answer 1

Reaction of vascularized living tissues to injury

Question 2

Signs of Inflammation

Answer 2

• Redness
• Heat
• Swelling
• Pain
• Loss of function

Question 3

Roles of inflammation

Answer 3

• Dilute and contain injury
• Destroy microorganisms or toxins
• Healing and repair

Question 4

Ideal outcomes of inflammation

Answer 4

• Elimination of source
• Resolution of inflammatory process
• Restoration of normal tissue and function

Question 5

Outcome of intense inflammation

Answer 5

Attempt to isolate inflammatory process, form a wall like in an abcess

Question 6

Outcome if causeof inflammation is not removed

Answer 6

• Persistence of inflammatory cells

- Scar formed

Question 7

What is the mediator produced by mast cells that is most commonly associated with inflammation?

Answer 7

Histamine

Question 8

What happens when the stimulus of inflammation is removed?

Answer 8

• breakdown of mediators
• Short life of WBC’s in tissues
• Activation of anti-inflammatory mechanisms

Question 9

Exudation

Answer 9

Escape of fluid, proteins, and blood cells from the vascular system into the interstitium or body cavities.

Question 10

Characteristics of Exudate

Answer 10

• High protien content
• High cellular debris
• High specific gravity >1.020

Question 11

Characteristics of transudate

Answer 11

• low protein content

- low specific gravity

Question 12

Pus

Answer 12

Inflammatory exudate rich in leucocytes and parenchymal cell debris

Question 13

Clinical signs of peracute inflammation

Answer 13

• Shock

- Sudden death

Question 14

Timeframe of peracute inflammation

Answer 14

0-4 hours

Question 15

Timeframe of acute inflammation

Answer 15

4-6 hours

Question 16

Lymphadenitis

Answer 16

Reactive inflammation of lymph nodes occurs in acute, subacute and chronic inflammation

Question 17

Lymphangitis

Answer 17

Inflammation of lymphatic vessels

Question 18

Common types of exudate

Answer 18

• suppurative
• fibrinous
• serous
• serofibrinous
• fibrino-purulent
• purulent
• granulotomatous

Question 19

Suppuration

Answer 19

process by which pus is formed

Question 20

Abscess

Answer 20

circumscribed collection of pus

Question 21

Pathogenesis of fibrinous exudation

Answer 21

plasma proteins (fibrinogen) leak into injured endothelium and polymerizes into fibrin

Question 22

T/F Fibrinous exudation can also be called fibrosis.

Answer 22

False- Fibrinous exudation is acute while fibrosis is chronic

Question 23

Serous exudation

Answer 23

occurs without a prominent cellular response

Question 24

Granulomatous inflammation

Answer 24

• Characterized by presence of lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells.
• Predominant cell is macrophage
• always chronic

Question 25

Granuloma

Answer 25

Elliptical cluster of macrophages around a central necrotic area

Question 26

Etiology of granulomatous inflammation

Answer 26

usually a non-digestible organism or particle

Question 27

What cells are polymorphonuclear leukocytes (granulocytes)

Answer 27

- neutrophils - eosinophils - basophils - mast cells

Question 28

Which cells are mononuclear cells

Answer 28

- lymphocytes - plasma cells - monocytes - macrophages - platelets

Question 29

Cellular events during extravasation

Answer 29

- MRAT - Margination - Rolling - Activation & Adhesion - Transmigration

Question 30

Chemotaxis

Answer 30

- WBC's migrating to site of injury in tissues | - occurs directly after extravasation

Question 31

3 processes of phagocytosis

Answer 31

- recognition and attachment - engulfment with formation of phagocytic vacuole - killing or degrading material