Inflammation (High Yield) Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the sign of nephritic renal damage in Lupus?
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
What is the sign of nephrotic renal damage in Lupus?
Membranous glomerulonephritis
What disease can result from an adenosine deaminase deficiency?
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
What causes X-linked agammaglobulinemia?
Mutated Bruton tyrosine kinase
What conditions/diseases might arise secondary to Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)?
Autoimmune disease, lymphoma
Cause and symptoms of hyper-IgM syndrome
Mutated CD40 causes deficiency of cytokines necessary for Ig class switching (low IgA, IgG and IgE), resulting in recurrent pyogenic infections at mucosal sites
C5-C9 deficiencies may predispose an individual to what condition(s)?
Recurrent Neissaria infections
What disease results from a C1 inhibitor deficiency? What are the symptoms?
Hereditary angioedema; skin edema, especially periorbital and at mucosal surfaces
Describe the manifestation of neonatal lupus. What is the clinical significance?
If anti-SSA and anti-SSB are present in a Lupus patient, they can cross the placental membrane and cause neonatal lupus, which may result in a congenital heart block; Important to screen pregnant women who have lupus for anti-SSA and anti-SSB
Clinical indications of mixed connective tissue disease
ANA with serum antibodies against U1 ribonucleoprotein (RNP)
Under what conditions will impermanent tissues (e.g. labile or stable) undergo repair instead of regeneration?
Loss of regenerative stem cells
TGF-a function
Epithelial and fibroblast growth factor
TGF-b function
Fibroblast growth factor, inhibits inflammation
PDGF function
Endothelium, smooth muscle, fibroblast growth factor
FGF (fibroblast growth factor) function
Angiogenesis; skeletal development
VEGF function
Angiogenesis
Where do keloids commonly occur? What causes them?
Earlobe (most common), face and upper extremities; Excess production of scar tissue (containing type III collagen) relative to wound size
What is CD-14, where is it found and what does it do?
Toll-like receptor; on macrophages; recognizes LPS on gram-negative bacteria
Effect of TLR activation
Upregulation of NF-kB, which triggers the acute inflammatory response, causing multiple immune mediators to be released
Describe the delayed response of Mast cells
Production of arachidonic acid metabolites, particularly leukotrienes
Where in the body do all steps (margination, adhesion, transmigration, etc.) of the acute inflammatory response take place?
Postcapillary venules
What immune system cell can prolong acute inflammation, and how?
Macrophages; secretion of IL-8
Cause and symptoms of Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Autosomal recessive mutation in LYST gene causes microtubule defect, resulting in poor phagolysosome formation (trafficking defect); increased risk of pyogenic infections, neutropenia, giant granules in leukocytes, defective primary hemostasis, albinism, peripheral neuropathy
Cause and symptoms of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
Type 1: autosomal recessive defect in CD18 (beta-2 chain) subunit of interns (Mac-1 and LFA-1); type 2: absence of Sialyl Lewis X, ligand for E- and P- selectins, d/t a defect in fucosyl transferase; delayed separation of umbilical cord, neutrophilia, recurrent bacterial infection w/o pus formation
