Inflammation & Repair

Question 1

___ is a reversible cell response to injury.

Answer 1

Degeneration

Question 2

___ is the catabolic metabolism of a cell, but is not immediately lethal

Answer 2

Atrophy

Question 3

Programmed cell death is known as ___

Answer 3

Apoptosis

Question 4

What is involved in the “clean up” of degraded cellular material?

Answer 4

Macrophages

Question 5

___ follows irreversible cell and tissue injuries

Answer 5

Necrosis

Question 6

___ necrosis occurs with tissues with normal protein content.

Answer 6

Coagulative

Question 7

___ necrosis occurs with tissue that is poor in protein, like brain and fat.

Answer 7

Liquefaction

Question 8

What are the common causes in which necrosis occurs?

Answer 8

• ischemia
• trauma
• toxins
• infection
• immunologic factors

Question 9

___ is a protective response to rid body of cause of cell injury and resultant necrosis

Answer 9

Inflammation

Question 10

In inflammation, changes occur locally through vasodilation and increased vascular ___.

Answer 10

permeability

Question 11

What are the 4 cardinal signs of acute inflammation?

Answer 11

• rubor
• calor
• dolor
• tumor

Question 12

What type of WBC is mainly involved in acute inflammation?

Answer 12

Neutrophils

Question 13

Vasodilation occurs through cellular release of 3 mediators: ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 13

• histamine
• nitric oxide
• prostacyclin

Question 14

What are the mechanisms of increased vascular permeability?

Answer 14

• Endothelial contraction (short-lived)
• Endothelial retraction (long-lived)
• Direct endothelial injury
• Delayed prolonged response
• Leukocyte mediated damage.

Question 15

What are the 3 types of ways WBC from blood vessels move to site of inflammation?

Answer 15

• Rolling (loose intermittent contact)
• Pavementing (tight constant contact)
• Transmigration (crossing through)

Question 16

___ is the process used to draw WBC to site of inflammation.

Answer 16

chemotaxis

Question 17

What binds to foreign material for WBC recognition?

Answer 17

Opsonins

Question 18

What are the 3 types of acute inflammation?

Answer 18

• Serous inflammation
• Fibrinous inflammation
• Purulent inflammation

Question 19

___ inflammation involves relatively, clear watery fluid. It is commonly seen in viral infections and burns.

Answer 19

Serous inflammation

Question 20

___ inflammation involves finely particulate, thick fluid. It is commonly seen in post-myocardial infarction pericarditis.

Answer 20

Fibrinous inflammation

Question 21

___ inflammation involves pus and is commonly seen in bacterial and fungal infections.

Answer 21

Purulent inflammation

Question 22

What is a walled off collection of pus that can occur in any organ?

Answer 22

Abscess

Question 23

___ is a loss of mucosa and deeper tissue

Answer 23

Ulcer

Question 24

___ is a connection between 2 organs, most commonly with lumens

Answer 24

Fistula

Question 25

Chronic inflammation results in proliferation of new ___ and ___, collagen production and scarring.

Answer 25

- capillaries | - fibroblasts

Question 26

What type of WBCs does chronic inflammation usually involve?

Answer 26

- lymphocytes | - macrophages

Question 27

Granulomatous inflammation is a collection of activated ___.

Answer 27

macrophages

Question 28

Healing is the regeneration of cells combined with ___ and ___.

Answer 28

- scarring | - fibrosis

Question 29

During repair, ___ growth factor stimulates granulation tissue formation.

Answer 29

Epidermal

Question 30

During repair, _____ growth factor induces blood vessel formation

Answer 30

Vascular Endothelial growth factor

Question 31

What growth factor promotes migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells?

Answer 31

Platelet derived growth factor

Question 32

Which growth factor stimulates blood vessel formation and wound repair through macrophages, fibroblast, and endothelial cell migration?

Answer 32

Fibroblast derived growth factor

Question 33

What are the requirements for replacement by scar to occur?

Answer 33

- angiogenesis - migration and proliferation of fibroblasts - deposit of extracellular matrix - reorganization of fibrous tissue

Question 34

Healing by Primary intention involves healing of a wound with what 3 things?

Answer 34

- clean edges - close reapproximation - minimal tissue disruption

Question 35

True or False: Healing of a cutaneous ulcer is an example of healing by primary intention.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Healing by _____ occurs when a wound has unclean edges, extensive tissue disruption, and necrosis.

Answer 36

Secondary intention

Question 37

What are the 5 factors that impair wound healing?

Answer 37

- nutritional deficiency - infection - poor blood flow - pressure - steroid therapy

Question 38

____ is the complete replacement of damaged cell with no scar formation

Answer 38

Regeneration