Inflammatory Response, Injury, Nutrition

Question 1

Mediates cell migration and turnover, DNA replication and immunocyte proliferative

Answer 1

Cytokines

Question 2

Group of intracellular proteins that are increasingly expressed during stress

Intracellular chaperones for ligands

Alerts immune system for tissue damage

Answer 2

Heat shock proteins

Question 3

Small molecules that are highly reactive due to unpaired outer orbit electrons

Cause cellular injury to host cells and invading pathogens

Answer 3

Reactive oxygen species

Question 4

Derived from oxidation of membrane phospholipids, arachidonic acid

Generates proinflammatory response

Answer 4

Eicosanoids

Question 5

Cytokines:

Among earliest
Induces muscle breakdown and cachexia

Answer 5

TNF a

Question 6

Cytokines:

Induces fever
Promotes B endorphin release from pituitary

Answer 6

IL-1

Question 7

Cytokines:

Promotes lymphocytic proliferation and immunoglobulin production

Answer 7

IL-2

Question 8

Cytokines:

Elicited by all immunogenic cells as mediator of acute phase response

Prolongs activated neutrophil survival

Answer 8

IL-6

Question 9

Cytokines:

Chemoattractant for neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes

Answer 9

IL-8

Question 10

Cytokines:

Activates macrophages via TH1 cells

Answer 10

IFN-y

Question 11

Interferon y is found in the wound how many days after the injury?

Answer 11

5-7 days

Question 12

Which omega acid has an anti inflammatory effect

Answer 12

Omega 3

Question 13

Group of proteins that contribute to inflammation, BP control, coagulation and pain response

Answer 13

Kallikrein-Kinin system

Question 14

What neurotransmitter is released at the site of injury by platelets?

Stimulates vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction and plt aggregation

Answer 14

Serotonin

Question 15

Hormone associated with eosinophil and mast cell chemotaxis

Answer 15

Histamine

Question 16

Stress induced hyperglycemia is primarily due to?

Answer 16

Peripheral resistance to insulin

Question 17

Cortisol is released by this part of the adrenals

Answer 17

Adrenal cortex

Question 18

Counter regulatory mediator that potentially reverses the anti inflammatory effects of cortisol

Answer 18

Macrophage migration inhibiting factor

Question 19

These hormones promote protein synthesis and insulin resistance, mobilizes fat stores

Answer 19

GH

IGF-1

Question 20

Catecholamines remain elevated for how many hours after severe injury?

Answer 20

24-48 hours

Question 21

Hallmarks of critical illness

Answer 21

Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia

Question 22

Refeeding syndrome is due to the shift in metabolism from ____ to ________

Answer 22

Fat to carbohydrates

Question 23

Refeeding syndrome results to cellular uptake of electrolytes, particularly

Answer 23

Phosphate
Mg
K
Ca

Question 24

This vitamin should be administered before the initiation of feeding to prevent refeeding syndrome

Answer 24

Thiamine

Question 25

Phases of surgical metabolism

Answer 25

Ebb Flow Recovery

Question 26

Primary source of energy during stressed state

Answer 26

Fat

Question 27

Fuel source in prolonged fasting

Answer 27

Ketone bodies

Question 28

Systemic proteolysis following injury is mediated primarily by

Answer 28

Glucocorticoids

Question 29

Dry scaly dermatitis, alopecia while on prolonged parenteral treatement is due to deficiency of?

Answer 29

Essential FA

Question 30

Complications of parenteral nutrition Vitamin not included in commercially prepared solutions

Answer 30

Vitamin K

Question 31

Complications of parenteral nutrition Most common trace mineral deficiency

Answer 31

Zinc

Question 32

This mineral deficiency may manifest as diffuse eczematoid rash at intertriginous areas

Answer 32

Zinc

Question 33

This mineral deficiency presents as microcytic anemia

Answer 33

Copper

Question 34

This mineral deficiency presents as glucose intolerance

Answer 34

Chromium

Question 35

Glycosuria due to parenteral nutrition should be treated with

Answer 35

Potassium

Question 36

Isotonic fluid used for replacing GI losses especially for hyponatremia, hypochloremia and metabolic alkalosis

Answer 36

PNSS

Question 37

Fluid used for replacement of ongoing GI losses and maintenance fluid for the post operative period

Answer 37

D5 0.45% NaCl

Question 38

Fluid used as treatment modality in patients with closed head injuries

Answer 38

D5 7% NaCl

Question 39

Early acid base picture of sepsis

Answer 39

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 40

Earliest stage of hemostasis

Answer 40

Vascular constriction

Question 41

Average life span of platelets

Answer 41

7-10 days

Question 42

Plt disorder in Glanzmann disease

Answer 42

GP 2b3a

Question 43

Platelet disorder in Bernard Soulier

Answer 43

GP1b

Question 44

Most common abnormality of hemostasis in surgical patients

Answer 44

Thrombocytopenia

Question 45

Most common indication for blood transfusion in surgical patients

Answer 45

Volume replacement

Question 46

estimated total blood volume is how many percent of TBW?

Answer 46

7-8%

Question 47

Massive transfusion according to the adult transfusion CPG is an adult requiring how many PRBCs in 24 hours?

Answer 47

> or equal to 10