Inflection forms 形

Question 1

Guess the 形 for this 用言：かなは

Answer 1

未然形

Question 2

If a word is a 体言, what is the 形 needed to modify it?

Answer 2

連体形

Question 3

If the word is a 用言, what is the 形 needed to modify it?

Answer 3

連用形

Question 4

If there is a verb in front of another verb, this 形 is used to make it a compound verb.

Answer 4

連用形

Question 5

It is the 形 needed by most 助動詞 of speculation and negation： 推量の助動詞・打消の助動詞 often require it.

Answer 5

未然形

Question 6

It makes a 用言 into a 体言 (ex. 「思ふ」, to think; 「思ひ」, a thought).

Answer 6

連用形

Question 7

Most dictionaries use this 形 as the entry form for 用言.

Answer 7

終止形

Question 8

This 形 can end a sentence in the case of the 係り結び、かかりむすび rule.

Answer 8

連体形

Question 9

This 形 can make a mid-sentence pause (中止法) that marks the end of a major clause but not the end of the sentence; usually a comma follows the 連用形 in this case in printed editions.

Answer 9

連用形

Question 10

This 形 can nominalize a word or phrase (that is, make it behave like a noun).

Answer 10

連体形

Question 11

This 形 comes before 〜べし

Answer 11

終止形

Question 12

This 形 is used when modifying 用言

Answer 12

連用形

Question 13

This 形 modifies a 体言

Answer 13

連体形

Question 14

This 形 can end a sentence in chatty, informal language.

Answer 14

連体形

Question 15

This 形 can end a sentence in the case of the 係り結び、かかりむすび rule.

Answer 15

已然形

Question 16

This 形 is often called the “imperfect” form；that is, this form involves for the most part things that are “not yet” — hypothetical situations, guesses about the future, negatives.

Answer 16

未然形

Question 17

This 形 is the most common way to end a sentence (including sentences inside quotes).

Answer 17

終止形

Question 18

This 形 makes a request or command.

Answer 18

命令形

Question 19

This 形 often is required by perfective JDS

Answer 19

已然形

Question 20

This 形, with 〜ば, means “when/upon …” or “because …”

Answer 20

已然形

Question 21

What is the 形 most dictionaries use as a listing when the word is a 用言?

Answer 21

終止形

Question 22

With 〜ば this 形 means “if …”.

Answer 22

未然形

Question 23

命令形 Can the command form be used to make polite requests?

Answer 23

In premodern, yes.

Question 24

已然形 with ば it means ….

Answer 24

“when/upon …” “because ….”

Question 25

已然形 Can it end a sentence?

Answer 25

Yes, in the case of the 係り結び、かかりむすび rule

Question 26

已然形 Does this 形 proceed most often imperfective or perfective JDS?

Answer 26

Perfective JDS

Question 27

早く食え What is the 形 of 早く?

Answer 27

連用形

Question 28

未然形 name three situations when this 形 is common or necessary

Answer 28

imperfective / things that are “not yet”: hypothetical situations, guesses about the future, negatives.

Question 29

未然形 What are the two types of JDS that often require this 形?

Answer 29

speculation, negation

Question 30

未然形 with ば means ….

Answer 30

“if …”

Question 31

紫だちたる雲 What is the 形 of the last 用言 in this sentence?

Answer 31

連体形

Question 32

終止形 This 形 most common function is …

Answer 32

to end a sentence.

Question 33

終止形 What common JDS requires this 形?

Answer 33

べし

Question 34

連体形 can make words behave like ….

Answer 34

nouns

Question 35

連体形 Can it end a sentence?

Answer 35

Yes, either because of the 係り結び、かかりむすび rule or to sound “chatty” or informal or emphatic.

Question 36

連体形 modify what class of words?

Answer 36

体言

Question 37

連用形 can convert what type of word into what type of word?

Answer 37

verbs into nouns

Question 38

連用形 makes compound ….

Answer 38

compound verbs

Question 39

連用形 modify what class of words?

Answer 39

用言

Question 40

連用形 what type of English punctuation might follow this form?

Answer 40

a comma, because it can make a mid-sentence stop (中止法)