Influence of others Flashcards
(36 cards)
Co-Actor
Another individual performing the same task
Social facilitation
The increased performance that occurs in the presence of co-actors or an audience.
Social facilitation
The increased performance that occurs in the presence of co-actors or an audience.
Complications of Triplett’s hypothesis
The presence of others can sometimes hinder rather than help a performance
Zajonc’s resolution of conflicting data
Usually in simple tasks performance is enhanced with an audience, but for complex tasks performance is worse
Social learning theory
We learn appropriate behaviour by modeling and imitating the behaviour of others
Main finding of Bobo Doll experiment
children imitate adults without expecting a reward.
- adults hit doll, kids hit doll
- adults hit clown in disguise, kids hit clown
autokinetic effect
It is an optical illusion. Participants watch a stationary light in a black room which appears to move. This effect causes the participants to imagine a movement that never occurred.
autokinetic effect
It is an optical illusion. Participants watch a stationary light in a black room which appears to move. This effect causes the participants to imagine a movement that never occurred.
Results of Sherif’s experiment
A confederate of the experiment gave a large number of movement. The responses moved towards the large estimate.
Description of Asch’s experiment and results
Participants would see one simple line and 3 comparison lines. Had to identify the lines that were identical. When confederates agreed on clearly wrong responses, 75% participants conformed once to a wrong response and 37% conformed to all wrong responses.
Normative
role of others in setting standards for our conduct based in a fear of rejection. Ex: fashion.
Informational function
role of others in providing information about an ambiguous situation.
Stoner’s experiment set-up
Asked individuals to read a said of hypothetical situations to make risk assessments. One was in group and others individually.
- Groups accepted the situation with a lower possibility of success and higher risk
- Individuals accepted situation with a higher probability of success
Group polarization
Group decision making strengthens the original inclinations of the individual group members
Groupthink
A group decision environment that occurs when group cohesiveness becomes so strong, it overrides realistic appraisais of reality and alternative opinions.
- those who disagree are rejected from the group
- believe that they are right and everyone else is wrong.
4 ways to prevent groupthink
- Be impartial
- Critical evaluation: allow group members to disagree
- Subdivide the group: separate decisions and later reunite to discuss
- Provide a second chance: second meeting
Pluralistic ignorance
When each individual in a group sees nobody responding in a given situation, they conclude that the situation is not an emergency.
Supporting evidence for pluralistic ignorance
- Fear of personal injury
- expect others to help(more if there are more people)
- case of Kitty Genovese
Diffusion of Responsibility
In deciding whether we have to act, we determine that someone else in the group is more qualified.
What can increase the chances of receiving help?
- decide who will help you, it will break through pluralistic ignorance and diffusion of responsibility.
- when seeing someone help others, the chances of you helping someone in the future increase.
Stanley Milgram’s experiment
- participant is a teacher, and is supposed to shock the learner when given the wrong responses. 65% of participants continued until the end. Delivering ‘‘danger’’ shock to a non responsive man with heart condition.
In Milgram’s experiment, when they changed locations what were the results?
did not change the results
In Milgram’s experiment, when scientific dressed more casual what were the results?
obedience decreased
