Info Flashcards by aprille cabasaan

Nuclides having the same mass number but diff atomic number

Isobar

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It is not possible to fix simultaneously the momentum and position of an electron

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

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Nuclides or element having the same proton but diff neutron/atomic mass

Isotope

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Anyone of more than 2500 spp of atoms characterized by no. of proton and neutron in the nucleus

Nuclide

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Diff forms of the same element existing in the same physical state

Allotropes

Ex Carbon phosphorus

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One that does not combine w/ O2 below red heat

Noble gas

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One that combines with oxygen even below red heat

Base metal

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No two electron may be described by the same set of values for the four quantum number

Pauli’s exclusion principle

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The progressive buolding up of electronic configuration

Aufbau principle

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Is the process of losing one or more electron by cheml or physical means

Ionization

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The electron in the outermost shell of an atom resp for its cheml behavior

Valence electron

Kulang valence no.

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Is the energy required for the removal of the least energy electron

Ionization potential

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States that the properties of elements are periodic fnxns of their atomic no.

Periodic law

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Grp IA aka

Alkali metal

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Grp II A aka

Alkaline earth metal

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Grp III A

Aluminum or boron family

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Grp IV A

Carbon family

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Grp V A

Nitrogen family

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Grp VI

Sulfur family

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Grp VII A

Halogen

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Grp VIIIA

Noble or inert

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Grp IB

Coinage

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Grp II B

Zinc

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Grp IIIB

Scandium

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Grp IVB

Titanium

Grp VIB

Chromium

Grp VIIB

Manganese

Grp VIIIB

Iron cobalt nickel

Set the probability limits w/in w/c an electron can be found

4 quantum number

Grp IB to VIII B are known as

Transition metals

Elements from atomic nos. 58-89 (57-71) belongs to

Lanthanide grp | "Rare earth elements"

Elements from atomic nos. 90-105 (89-103)

Actinide grp

Metalloids are...

``` B Si Ge As Sb Te ```

Ionic bonding is usually found in assoc bet

Metallic strongly electro+ elements and nonmetallic strongly electro- elements

Attractive forces that occurs bet certain type of mole

H bonding

These are very weak electrical force; virtually the only attractive forces bet non polar mole

Van der waals

Covalent interaction but both e of the bond arise from a single orbital on one atoms forming the bond

Coordinate covalent bond -Between complex Donor spp-provides e Acceptor spp- electron deficient (metal)

Inclusion cmpds w/c are formed by the envelopment of a mole of a guest cmpd in the cage-like hollow space by the combi of mole

Clathrates

Grps w/c occupy more than one coordination position in a complex and forms a ring w/ the central ion

Chelates

An ion formed by the combi of a simplw ion either w/ another ion or w/ a mole

Complexation | -to become drug less active

Coordination of a metal with a polydentate ligand; the complex may formed by :ppt of metal

Chelation

Is the study of specialized cmpds involving metallic elements

Coordination chemistry

Grp w/c combines w/ the central atom by any type of bonding; donates e to the central atom

Ligand

Type of bonding bet metal and ligand can be....

Electrostatic or covalent

Max. no. Of atoms or grps w/c can combine in the coordination sphere w/ the central atom

Coodination no.

Suppression of property or rxn of a metal w/o removal of that metal from the system or phase by any process of pption or extraction and is usually accomplished by chelation

Sequestration

HNCO

Isocynanic acid

HOCN

Cynanic acid

Attraction of neutral atom for electron

Electronegativity Inc from left to right Bottom to top FLUORINE

Abilityto lose e

Electropositivity Dec from left to right Inc top to bottom CESIUM

Isolated from liq H2 by frac'l distilation or by electrolysis of deuterim oxide (heavy water)

Deuterium

Tritium emits...

Beta particle

Prepared by bombarding beryllium w/ dueterous

Tritium

Preservative of H2O2

Acetanilide

Temporary hardenss in water

Bicarbonates

Permanent hardness in water

Sulfates and chlorides

Preservative in bacteriostatic water for inj

Benzyl alc

Used for cmpounding small volumes of parenterals for IM inj

Bacterios. Water for inj

No antimicrobial; for extemporaneous cmpounding of parenterals for IM or IV

Sterile water for inj

Antidote for phosphorus and cyanide poisoning

H2O2

Used exclusively in production of ammonia

Haber's process

CsCl

Cesium chloride Used in density gradient centrifugation

Diluted NaOCl: addition of sufficient amt of NaHCO3 to prevent coloration w/ excess phenolpthalein

Modified Dakin's soln

Contains 4-6% w/w NaOCl

Dakins soln

NaOCl diluted w/ an equal amt in vol of water

Labarraque's soln

Acts as catalyst for the storage and release of iron

Copper

An index to det. the protective power of colloids

Gold number | Zsigmondy

Gold dust or free gold

Nuggets

Lightest of all structurally useful metal

Antidote for Mg poisoning

Ca gluconate

Antidote for Ba

MgSO4

Metasilicates of Be w/ Al and Cr

Emerald

Cu + Zn

Brass

Tx for Zn poisoning

NaHCO3

Most abundant to all metals

3rd most abundant element following O2 and Si

Be-Al-Cr

Emerald

Al-Cr

Rubies

Al-Co

Sapphire

Al-Cu

Turquoise

Al poisoning (name)

Shaver's dse

Soft coal; black or sometimes dark-brown ; C is 60-80%

Butiminuos

Hard coal; black; C is 92.1-98%

Anthracite

Pb + Sn

Pewler 20:80

Cu + Sn

Gunmetal

Pb + Sn

Solder 50:50

Characterized by hypervitaminosis D and lack of phosphate reabs.

Hypophospatemia

Are cheml cmpds containing elements of high atomic no w/c will stop the passage of xrays. Thus penetrate to soft tissue

Radiopaque contrast media

Involves the use of xrays or roentgen rays w/c are short wavelength electromagnetic radiation and can pass tru most soft tissues but cant pass trough bones and teeth

Radiology | Roentgenology

A white powder w/c is insoluble in water and is used for GIT roentgenographic examination

Barium sulfate, barium meal, esophotrast

Designed to visualuze gall bladder

Iopanoic Acid USP

A non invasive methods to dx simply and more scientific

MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging

Used as bone replacement for temporary braces of long bones ; to close an opening in the skull

Tantalum

It reacts slighlty w/ body fluids;

Silver | An insol AgCl as the principal product is not a serious threat

Used for dental filling. (Radiopaque materials)

Mercury amalgams of gold and silver Zinc eugenol cement is also used

Radiopharmls are

Emits beta and gamma radiation Concentrated in specific manner in organs and cell Can eliminated from the body Decay products are of low toxicity

Frequently employed in the conversion of drugs to cheml forms convenient to their product fmlation

Acids and bases

PH range 5.8-8 greatest buffer capacity: 6.7 ; used in ophthalmic drugs

Sorensen phosphate buffer

Conposition of Sorensen phosphate buffer

Na acid phosphate and disodium phosphate in purified water w/ NaCl to become isotonic

Composed of boric acid and sodium carbonate w/ KCl in purified water

Gifford's buffer

Composed of boric acid and sodium carbonate w/ NaCl in purified water

Atkin's and pantin buffer

Composed of boric acid and sodium borate w/ NaCl in purified water

Feldman's Buffer

Dec. coefficient of expansion in pyrex products

Boron

Gives brown light resistant glass

Potassium + Boron in amber

Inc refractive index of glass

Lead

Glass that contains sodium silicates tends to....

Produce NaOh that inc alkalinity in drugs

Materials that soften gradually over a temp rather than melting sharply

Vitreous material

Glass that uses water attack test

Type II

% of HCl in gastric fluid (normal)

0.2%

Used to treat achlorhydria

Acidifying agent

Al and Mg OH should be buffer at

4-6 pH

Owes it germicidal activity to both oxidizing and chlorinating activity

Hypochlorous acid

CHON pptant w/c results to contraction of tissues and later on wrinkling

Astringents Includes styptics, antiperspirant, deodorants

Aromatic spirit of ammonia is prepared from...

Ammonium carbonate, strong ammonia soln, various aromatic oils Alc and water

ex of physiological antidote

NaNO2 Converts hmg to methmg

Ex of cheml antidote

Na2S2O3 Reacts w/ CN to produce cyanate

Ex of mechanical antidote

Act charcoal

Compo of soda lime

CaOH NaOH/ KOH w/ diatomaceous earth to yield hard nonfriable product

Must be dissolve 1st in the stomach to exert laxative acxn

MOM

For colonic investigation

Enema

Enema PEG 3350 and electrolytes (what are the electrolytes)

NaHCO3 NaCl Na2SO4 KCl

Accomplish oral colonic lavage in prepn for a barium enema or a colonospic examination

Peg3350 and electrolytes for oral soln

Compo of fleet enema

Sodium phosphate enema USP Dibasic and monobasic Sodium phosphate or dibasic sodium phosphate and phosphoric acid in water pH 5-5.8

Sterile soln that after cheml rxn bet citric acid and other 2 compo are completed that the resulting soln is sterilized

Irrigating soln Ex citric acid , magnesium oxide, sodium carbonate irrigation

Essential ion | Consti of Hmg

Essential ion | Consti of T3 and T4

Essential ion | Consti of insulin, carbonic anhydrase, lactic dehydrogenase

Essential ion | For the fmtion of hmg and consti of oxides enzymes (tyrosinase)

Essential ion | Cofactor of a no. of enzyme like arginase, carboxylase & kinases

Essential ion | Consti of CHON , mucopolysacc., heparin, biotin, thiamine, lipoic acid

Essential ion | Involved in CHO utilization

Essential ion | Consti of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase

Essential ion | Consti of factor 3 acts w/ vit E to prevent liver necrosis

Time rate at w/c atoms undergo radioactive disintegration

Decay rate

Radioactive subs used for dx and tx of dses

Radiopharmaceuticals

Unstable isotopes w/c undergo random decomposition or decay w/ the emission of certain particle or quantities of the particular isotope involved

Radioactive isotopes or radio isotopes

Decay particle | Negative charged spp having the mass of an electron

Alpha and beta

Decay particle | Has no mass or no charge but w/ high energy

Gamma particle

Process whereby a type of radiation similar ti gamma rays is seen in the emission of xrays.

K capture

Metal w/ the lowest density

Most reactive of element

Property that absorbs moisture when expose to atmosphere and dissolve in it

Deliquescent

Production of NH4

Haber's process

Acts as catalyst for the storage and rel of Fe

Color of bottle of MOM

Blue To enhance white color

Lightest of all structurally useful metal

Antidote for Hg

Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate

Most abundant of all metals

Grp wherein lanthanide and actinide belongs

Grrp IIIb

The gem amethyst, agate, onyx, opal are

Silica (SiO2)

Azote

N2 mephitic air

St elmo's fire

Phosphorus

Poisonous P

Yellow and white -ozone like odor, garlic Nontoxic red

Antidote for As

If in GIT Fe(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 If absorbed- BAL

Antidote for Bi

BAL

Empyreal air/ dephlogisticated air

O2 | -acid former

Crystal form of sulfur

Sublimed S Flower of S (Used internally)

Amorphous form of S

very fine particles -Ppted S | Used externally as scabicide- milk of S

Catalyst in N2 determination

SeS2

What differentiates arsenite to arsenate and what are its compo?

Magnesia mixture 5.5gMg(Cl)2 , 7g NH4Cl, 35mL NH4 TS

Sea salt producer other name

Halogen fam

Halogens give green color to what test?

Beiltein test

Yellowish gas

F | -most reactive and electronegative element

Best oxidizing agent among halogens

Dephlogisticated muriatic acid

Greenish yellow gas w/ suffocatibg odor

Dark reddish fuming liq w/ suffocating odor

Color of Br @ CCl4

Orange/ yellowish

Color of Br in water

Reddish brown

Color of Iodine in polar solvents

Reddish brown

Color of Iodine in nonpolar solvents

Violet

Product of radioactive decay whereas Rhenium is practically rare

Hydrated manganous salts are color

Pink

Anhydrated manganous salts are color

White

Manganates are color

Green

Permanganates are color

Deep purple violet

Pinkish white metal

Hydrated Co is color

Pinkish

Anhydrous Co is color

Blue

Thenard'd blue aka

Cobalt metaaluminatee

Used in prepn of crucibles, dishes and platinum wires

Pt More expensive than Au

% of MnO4 as antimicrobial

0.02% Applied to 0.015-0.1% soln

% of Cl in strong I2 soln

Ferrous salts are color ___ in hydrated state

Green White-anhydrous

Ferric salts are color ___ in hydrated state

Yellow to brown Vary in color- anhydrous state

Antacids that cause rebound hyperacidity

NaHCO3 | CaCO3

DOC to combat systemic acidosis

NaHCO3

Both Fe and Cu are found in ___ resp enzyme

Cytochrome oxidase

Softest mineral

Talc

Subs w/c takes up water or moisture but does not dissolve

Hygroscopic

Ion that gives a turnbull's blue ppt w/ potassium ferricyanide

Ferrous

Forms white ppt w/ HCl but blackens upon addition of ammonium hydoxide

Native of hydrous magnesium silicate

Talc

Ion that gives a white pot w/ HCl w/c is sol in excess NH4OH but reprecitated upon addition of HNO3

In the cation analysis, grp1 ions are often called

Insol chlorides

Blood coloration w/ CNS but a blue ppt w/ hexacyanoferrate (II)

Fe+3

Radiopharml for thyroid fnxn

Sodium iodide I-125

Sum of proton and neutrons of an atom

Mass number

Cu imparts a characteristics ___ color to nonluminous flame

Emerald green

Element that is poisonous even in free metal form

Ion that often shows expectorant acxn is

Synonym for mottled enamel

Dental flourosis | Too much flouride is present in the tissue fluid

Grignard rgt usually contain

To stop the acxn of bromine

Ammonia water

Chronic condition resembling to tb in sx

Silicosis

Used as antioxidant in hydroiodic acid and ferrous iodide syrup

Hypophosphorus acid

Positive w/ brown ring test but no visible rxn w/ dilute sulfuric acid

NO3

Zn, Mg, Co uranyl acetates form insol salts w/

Conc of Bi used as oint

30%

Considered to be the most sensitive test for nitrates w/c utilizes diphenylamine and sulfuric acid, resulting to blue color at the interface of the twol liq

Lunge's test

Continued use of H2O2 as mouth wash may cause

Hairy tounge

Mg ion is detected using this dye in alkaline soln

P-nitrobenzeneazoresorcinol

Variety of sulfur that resembles to rubber and is insol in Carbon disulfide

Plastic sulfur

Conc of selsan sulfide in selsun blue shampoo

2.5%

Metallic or black P is heating P w/

Rhodamine-B w/ Sb in the presence ofHCl gives

Violet ppt

Borates in turmeric paper is colored

Orange to red

Flash light powders are mixture of Potassium chlorate or barium peroxide and

powdered magnesium

Carbon dioxide absober

Soda lime

A few drops of this test soln added to an acidified soln of nitrile liberates free iodine

Potassium iodide

Dimethylglyoxime rgt is specific for

Strontium chloride

Desensitizing agent

Element w/c is a by-product of fractionation of liq air for the production of O2 and N2

Argon

Ammonium carbonate "sal volatile" contains how many % of ammonium by wt

30-34%

Bordeaux mixture is composed of

Sulfates and oxides

Compo of K triplex

K acetate K bicarb K citrate

Red soln containing 1% of arsenic triiodide and 1% of mercuric iodide

Pearson's soln

Anticonv used in the tx of eclampsia

MgSO4 inj

Indicator w/c is colorless in an acid and orange in an alkaline medium

Trinitrobenzene

Anion that produced a canary yellow ppt w/ (NH4)2C2O4

PO4

Molecular cmpd of two salts of one kind of acid

Double salt

Color of barium ion to the flame test

Apple green

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