Infratemporal Fossa Flashcards
1
Q
What is the superior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
A
infratemporal surface of the sphenoid bone
2
Q
What is the anterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
A
Posterior aspect of the maxilla
3
Q
What is the medial boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
A
Lateral pterygoid plate
4
Q
What is the posterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
A
Tympanic plate, styloid, and mastoid processes
5
Q
What is the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
A
Ramus of the mandible
6
Q
What is the inferior border of the infratemporal fossa?
A
The medial pterygoid attachment to the mandible
7
Q
What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?
A
Muscles of mastication EXCEPT the masseter
V3 and associated autonomics
Maxillary artery and its branches
Pterygoid plexus of veins
8
Q
Where will a sensory (afferent) neuron cell body be located in the CNS?
A
Dorsal horn nuclei
9
Q
Where would a sensory (afferent) neuron cell body be located in the PNS?
A
Dorsal root ganglion
10
Q
What is an example of a sensory afferent neuron cell body in the CNS?
A
Brainstem nuclei
11
Q
What are the sensory ganglions in the PNS associated with sensory afferent neurons?
A
Trigeminal ganglion and geniculate ganglion
12
Q
What is the sensory ending of the trigeminal ganglion?
A
pulp of tooth
13
Q
What is the sensory ending of the geniculate ganglion?
A
taste bud
14
Q
Where will the neuron cell body of a motor efferent neuron be located in the CNS?
A
Ventral horn nuclei
15
Q
What is an example of a motor (efferent) nucleus in the CNS?
A
Motor nucleus of V
Motor nucleus of VII
16
Q
What is the effector organ of motor nucleus V?
A
Masseter
17
Q
What is the effector organ of motor nucleus VII?
A
Mentalis
18
Q
What is the ONLY sympathetic ganglion in the PNS of the head and neck?
A
Superior Cervical Ganglion
19
Q
Where are the neuron cell bodies of sympathetic neurons located in the CNS?
A
Lateral horn of T1-L2
20
Q
Where are the neuron cell bodies of sympathetic ganglion, Superior Cervical Ganglion, located?
A
Lateral horn of T1-T4
21
Q
What is the effector organ of the Superior Cervical Ganglion?
A
The smooth muscle associated with the maxillary artery
22
Q
What are the neuron cell bodies associated with the parasympathetic (autonomic NS) that are located within the CNS?
A
Superior salivatory nucleus (VII) and inferior salivatory nucleus (IX)
23
Q
With what ganglion will the superior salivatory nucleus synapse?
A
The submandibular ganglion
24
Q
What is the effector organ of the superior salivatory nucleus -> submandibular ganglion 2-neuron parasympathetic system?
A
Submandibular and sublingual glands
25
With what ganglion will the inferior salivatory nucleus synapse?
Otic ganglion
26
What is the effector organ of the inferior salivatory nucleus -> otic ganglion parasympathetic (autonomic) 2-neuron system?
Parotid gland
27
Where does the motor root of the mandibular portion of the trigeminal nerve have its origin?
In the motor nucleus of V in the pons
28
Where are the sensory nerve cell bodies of the mandibular portion of the trigeminal neve located?
Trigeminal ganglion (semilunar, Gasserian)
29
What type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve, primarily?
Primarily a sensory nerve
30
How does the trigeminal nerve travel out of the skull?
Trigeminal passes through the foramen ovale
31
Of the entire trigeminal nerve, what part or parts have a motor division?
ONLY V3 (mandibular portion) has a motor division!!
32
What muscles does the motor portion of V3 supply?
The muscles derived from the first pharyngeal arch - the muscles of mastication + 4
33
What muscle will the anterior deep temporal nerve supply?
Temporalis
34
What muscle will the posterior deep temporal nerve supply?
Temporalis
35
What are the motor nerves of V3?
```
Anterior deep temporal
Posterior deep temporal
Masseteric nerve
Medial pterygoid nerve
Lateral pterygoid nerve
Mylohyoid nerve
Tensor Veli Palatini nerve
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36
What muscles are innervated by the nerve to the mylohyoid?
The anterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the mylohyoid itself
37
Where will you find V3?
Right next to the lateral pterygoid muscle
38
What is the masseteric nerve a branch of, and how does it travel?
It is a branch of the deep temporal nerve and it travels OVER the masseteric notch
39
Where will you likely see the nerve to the mylohyoid?
The submandibular triangle
40
What are the branches of the sensory portion of V3?
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Meningeal branch
Auriculotemporal nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve
Mental Nerve
Mylohyoid nerve
Long buccal nerve
Lingual nerve
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41
What is the route of the meningeal branch of V3?
It will re-enter the skull through the foramen spinosum
42
What does the meningeal branch of V3 innervate?
it supplies a portion of the dura
43
What is the route of the auriculotemporal nerve?
It runs posterior, then lateral, then superior
It splits around the middle meningeal artery, and passes between the sphenomandibular ligament and neck of the mandible and supplies the TMJ
It will then pass posterior to the neck of the mandible and supply the parotid gland
And then it will pass anterior to the external ear, and supply part of it and the temporal region
44
Where are you likely to see the inferior alveolar nerve?
Between sphenomandibular ligament and ramus of the mandible
45
Where does the inferior alveolar nerve pass into, and travel in?
It passes into the mandibular foramen and travels in the mandibular canal
46
What are the branches of the inferior alveolar nerve?
The mental and incisive branches
47
What does the inferior alveolar nerve supply?
Mandibular teeth by dental arches and supporting structures (including PDL) by interdental branches to the midline
48
Where will the mental nerve exit the mandibular canal?
At about the 2nd premolar through the mandibular foramen
49
What will the mental nerve supply?
The facial gingiva over the incisors, canines, premolars (gingival branches), the skin of the chin (mental branches) and the lower lip (inferior labial branches)
50
Where will you find the long buccal nerve traveling?
Laterally between the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle
51
What muscle will the long buccal nerve pierce?
The buccinator
52
What does the long buccal nerve supply?
The sensory innervation of the skin of the cheek, facial gingiva over mandibular molars, and the mucosa of the cheek
53
Where will you find the part of the long buccal nerve that supplies the sensory innervations to the molar gingiva?
On the buccal shelf
54
Where will the lingual nerve be found?
Anterior and inferior to the alveolar nerve
55
Where does the lingual nerve enter the oral cavity?
Through triangle -
It will be found medial to the ramus of the mandible, inferior to the superior pharyngeal constrictor, and superior to the medial pterygoid muscle
56
What will the lingual nerve lie in contact with
The mandible at the lingual tuberosity in the third molar region
57
Where will the lingual nerve cross, loop, and cross again for it to get into the oral cavity?
It will cross the submandibular duct to the lateral
Loop under the duct and cross the submandibular duct to the medial
It will then travel farther anteriorly then go INTO the tongue
58
What does the lingual nerve supply?
General sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, lingual gingiva of ALL mandibular teeth, and the floor of the mouth (alveololingual sulcus) - to the midline
59
Where is the otic ganglion found?
Medial to V3 just outside of the foramen ovale
60
What is found synapsing at the otic ganglion?
Preganglionics from glossopharyngeal by way of the lesser petrosal nerve - preganglionic nerve cell bodies in the inferior salivatory nucleus
61
Where are the postsynaptics from the otic ganglion traveling to and with?
The postganglionic fibers travel to the parotid with the auriculotemporal nerve
62
The facial nerve provides motor innervation to what?
The 2nd branchial arch muscles: stapedius (in the ear), stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, muscles of facial expression
63
What type of fibers does the facial nerve have?
Motor, sensory, parasympathetic, and taste
64
Where will the facial nerve enter the petrous temporal bone?
Through the internal acoustic meatus
65
Where will the facial nerve lie within the petrous temporal bone?
The facial canal
66
What is the term for the sharp bend that the facial canal will make?
Genu (geniculum)
67
What is found at the genu of the facial canal?
The sensory ganglion for the facial nerve, the geniculate ganglion
68
What is given off at the genu of the facial canal?
A parasympathetic nerve branch - the greater petrosal nerve. It does not synapse at the geniculate ganglion, fibers just simply pass through it
69
What is the path of the facial nerve after the genu?
The facial nerve will pass over the middle ear, then downward and exit the skull through the stylomastoid foramen
70
What will happen to the facial nerve before it exits through the stylomastoid foramen?
It gives off a branch called the chorda tympani which passes upward toward the middle ear
71
What is the path of the chorda tympani?
It crosses the deep surface of the tympanic membrane, then through another canal to exit the skull through the petrotympanic fissue, just medial to the TMJ
72
What type of a nerve is the chorda tympani?
Preganglionic parasympathetic
73
What does the chorda tympani provide innervation to?
The sublingual and submandibular glands, as well as special sensory fibers for taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
74
Where will the nerve cell bodies of the chorda tympani be found?
The superior salivatory nucleus
75
With whom will the chorda tympani "hitch a ride"
The lingual nerve
76
Where are the chorda tympani's nerve cell bodies for taste?
The geniculate ganglion
77
Where is the submandibular ganglion found?
Just above the submandibular gland attached to the lingual nerve
78
What synapses at the submandibular ganglion?
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the facial nerve
79
What is the sensory ganglia of the trigeminal nerve?
Geniculate ganglia
80
What is the parasympathetic ganglia of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Otic ganglia
81
Otic ganglia
Preganglionic from inferior salivatory nucleus via lesser petrosal nerve
Postganglionic via the auriculotemporal to parotid
82
Submandibular ganglia is a parasympathetic ganglia to what nerve?
The facial nerve
83
Submandibular ganglia
Preganglionic from superior salivatory nucleus via the chorda tympani
Postganglionic directly to submandibular gland and via lingual nerve to sublingual gland
84
What divides the maxillary artery into 3 parts?
The lateral pterygoid muscle
85
What are the branches of the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa?
```
Deep auricular artery
Anterior tympanic artery
Middle meningeal artery
Accessory meningeal artery
Inferior alveolar artery
Anterior temporal artery
Deep temporal artery
Masseteric artery
Medial pterygo artery
Lateral pterygo artery
Buccal artery
Posterior superior alveolar artery
Infraorbital artery
```
86
What provides the primary blood supply to the TMJ?
Anterior tympanic artery (branch of maxillary artery)
87
Where will the accessory meningeal artery pass?
Foramen ovale
88
How will the maxillary artery end?
By entering into the pterygomaxillary fissure
89
What about the veins of the infratemporal fossa is different than the arteries?
The veins are the exact same as the arteries EXCEPT the veins have a pterygoid plexus
90
What connects the superficial and deep venous drainage in the infratemporal fossa?
The cavernous sinus
91
What is the pterygomandiular space?
A wedge shaped subspace of the infratemporal fossa - the base is superior and the apex is inferior
92
What are the boundaries of the pterygomandinular space?
Lateral boundary is the ramus of the mandible
Medial boundary is the pterygoid muscle
Superior boundary is the lateral pterygoid muscle
Posterior boundary is the interpterygoid fascia and the stylomandibular fascia
Anterior boundary is the pterygotemporal fascia
93
What are the contents of the pterygomandibular space?
```
Long buccal nerve - which will be found extremely anterior in the fascia on the medial aspect of the temporalis tendon
Lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar artery and vein
Inferior alveolar nerve
Sphenomandibular ligament
Companion artery of the lingual nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve (rarely)
```
94
What are the relationships to the pterygomandibular space?
Anterior is the oral cavity, medial is the lateral pharyngeal space, and posterior is the parotid fossa
