Face and Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the face?

A

The hairline, anterior border of external ears, and the chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the general contents of the face

A

Eyes, mouth, nose, muscles of facial expression, buccal fat pad, parotid gland, facial artery and facial vein with branches, facial nerve branches, and trigeminal nerve branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of fascia is in the face?

A

Only superficial fascia, no deep fascia at

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the borders of the scalp?

A

Forehead, superior aspect of cranium, occipital region above superior nuchal line, and laterally, the scalp blends with the temporal area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes up the scalp proper?

A

Skin, connective tissue (superficial fascia), and aponeurosis (thick, dense CT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the components of the scalp?

A
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose Areolar CT
Periosteum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Skin of scalp

A

Thickest layer, contains hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CT of scalp

A

Nerves and vessels transverse in CT layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Aponeurosis of scalp

A

Blends and connects occipital and frontalis muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Loose areolar CT of scalp

A

Cotton-like, where movement occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Periosteum of scalp

A

CT covering the bone itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nerves of scalp

A
Supratrochlear
Supraorbital
Zygomaticotemporal
Auriculotemporal
Lesser Occipital
Greater Occipital 
Third Occipital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What nerves of the scalp provide pain, temp, and touch sensations?

A

Supratrochlear, Supraorbital, and Zygomaticotemporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What nerves of the scalp are branches of V1?

A

Supratrochlear and Supraorbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nerve of the scalp is a branch of V2

A

Zygomaticotemporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What nerve of the scalp is a branch of V3

A

Auriculotemporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What nerve of the scalp is a ventral rami branch of the cervical plexus?

A

Lesser Occipital, C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What nerves of the scalp are branches of dorsal rami, and what are their roots?

A
Greater Occipital (C2)
Third Occipital (C3)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the arteries of the scalp?

A
Supratrochlear
Supraorbital
Superficial Temporal
Posterior Auricular
Occipital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which scalp arteries are internal carotid artery derivatives?

A

Supratrochlear artery

Supraorbital artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which scalp arteries are derivatives of the external carotid artery?

A

Superficial temporal artery
Posterior auricular artery
Occipital artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which of the scalp arteries is a terminal branch of the external carotid?

A

Superficial Temporal Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is an emissary vein?

A

A vein that acts as a communication from superficial fascial and it goes through bone and dumps into a venous sinus. It can dump into the brain and shut the brain down (infections, this is can lead to meningitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What muscles make up the oral group of the muscles of facial expression?

A
Orbicularis oris
Levator anguli oris
Depressor anguli oris
Zygomaticus major
Risorius
Levator labii superioris
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Depressor labii inferioris
Buccinator
Mentalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the primary function of the facial nerve?
Mainly a motor nerve, but it has a little sensory function
26
Orbicularis Oris
Circular muscle around the mouth Lets you close your lips and protrude your lips Cranial nerve VII
27
Levator Anguli Oris
Lifts corner of mouth
28
Depressor Anguli Oris
Pulls down corner of mouth
29
Zygomaticus Major
Pulls corner of mouth laterally and superiorly, laughing muscle
30
Risorius
Goes from the superficial fascia over the masseter to the superficial fascia over the mouth, pulls sides of the mouth laterally, and lets you grin
31
Levator Labii Superioris
Pulls the upper lip up
32
Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
Lifts upper lip and alar cartilage of nose | Allows you to near, and flare nostrils, also lifts upper lip
33
Depressor Labii Inferioris
Pulls down lower lip
34
Buccinator
WANNABE muscle of mastication - connects bone to bone, free edge goes into the mouth, functions to keep stuff in the mouth, as well as sucking and blowing motions, innervated by CN VII
35
Mentalis
Protrudes lower lip - puppy-dog-face muscle
36
Modiolus
Where 8 muscles converge at the corner of your mouth
37
What muscles make up the nasal group of the muscles of facial expression?
Nasalis - compressor and dilator Procerus Depressor Septi
38
What muscle allows you to scrunch and wrinkle your nose, and squint your eyes?
Procerus
39
What muscle pulls down along the septum of your nose?
Depressor Septi
40
What muscles make up the orbital group of the muscles of facial expression?
Corrugator Supercilii | Orbicularis Oris which has orbital, palpenral, and lacrimal portions
41
What muscle pulls your eyebrow in an inferior and medial direction?
Corrugator Supercilii
42
Circular muscle around your eye
Orbicularis Oculi
43
What muscle hold your eyes shut very tightly?
Orbicularis Oculi - orbital part
44
What muscle aids in blinking and is found along your eyelids?
Palpebral portion of Orbicularis Oculi
45
What muscle aids in movement of tears?
Lacrimal portion of Orbicularis Oculi
46
What muscle lies on the superciliary ridge?
Corrugator Supercili muscle
47
Everything innervated by CN VII is from what pharyngeal arch?
Pharyngeal arch 2
48
What muscles make up the scalp group of the muscles of facial expression?
Occipitofrontalis, which is 1 muscle connected by the aponeurosis of the scalp, and the muscle has 2 parts: Frontalis Occipitalis
49
What muscle wrinkles the skin on the forehead?
Frontalis
50
What muscle wrinkles the skin on the back of the head?
Occipitalis
51
What makes up the neck group of the muscles of facial expression?
Platysma
52
What muscle elevates the skin on the upper chest?
Platysma
53
What muscles make up the Auricular group of the muscles of facial expression?
Auricularis anterior Auricularis superior Auricularis posterior
54
What do the auricularis muscles do?
Wiggle ear
55
What 8 muscles are innervated by branches of V3?
``` Temporalis Masseter Medial Ptyergoid Lateral Ptyergoid Anterior Digastric Mylohyoid Tensor Tympani Tensor Veli Palatini ```
56
What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve that provide sensory information to the face?
``` Supraorbital Supratrochlear Lacrimal Infratrochlear External Nasal Zygomaticofacial Infraorbital Auriculotemporal Buccal Mental ```
57
What are the facial sensory branches of V1?
``` Supraorbital Supratrochlear Lacrimal Infratrochlear External Nasal ```
58
What are the facial sensory branches of V2?
Zygomaticotemporal Zygomaticofacial Infraorbital
59
What are the facial sensory branches of V3?
Auriculotemporal Buccal Mental
60
What are the sensory nerves of the face from the cervical plexus?
Great Auricular Nerve (from C2 and C3) | Transverse Cervical Nerve (from C2 and C3)
61
What are the motor nerves to the face a branch of?
All the motor nerves to the face are branches of the facial nerve.
62
Where does the facial nerve come out of the skull?
Through the stylomastoid foramen
63
What are the branches of the facial nerve?
Temporofacial, which has 3 branches Temporal, Zygomatic, and Buccal, which forms a loop with buccal of the cervicofacial nerve And Cervicofacial, which has 3 branches, buccal, which forms a loop with the buccal of the temporofacial, mandibular, and cervical
64
In the head, there are 2 "buccal branches". One from the trigeminal nerve, and one from the facial nerve. Which buccal branch is the motor nerve, and which is the sensory nerve?
Motor nerve is from facial nerve Sensory nerve is from trigeminal, and it is called (in dentistry) the long buccal nerve
65
The arteries of the face are direct or indirect branches of what?
External carotid or internal carotid
66
What arteries of the face are derived from the external carotid?
``` Facial artery, which gives 3 branches: Superior labial, inferior labial, nasal branches Angular artery Superficial temporal artery Transverse facial artery Infraorbital artery Buccal artery Mental artery ```
67
What arteries of the face are derived from the internal carotid?
``` Supraorbital artery Supratrochlear artery Lacrimal artery Dorsal nasal artery External nasal artery ```
68
What is true about the angular artery?
The angular artery is the facial artery with a new name. It changes its name when it gets to the angle of the nose. The angular artery is an external carotid derivative, and it anastamoses with the internal carotid derivatives
69
What are the superficial drainage veins of the face?
``` They are the veins lying right under the superficial fascia, which is right under the skin Supraorbital Supratrochlear Angular Facial - with 3 branches: nasal branches, superior labial, inferior labial Superficial temporal Transverse facial Retromandibular (and branches) ```
70
What are the deep drainage veins of the face
The cavernous sinus and the pterygoid plexus
71
What are the communicating veins of the face?
Veins that communicate from superficial to deep parts of the face Superior and inferior opthalamic Infraorbital Deep facial
72
What is the danger zone?
Triangle on your face, bacteria from upper lip to between eyebrows can get into your blood stream via cavernous sinus and get to your brain and kill you