Infx dz Flashcards
(32 cards)
Malaria prophylaxis:
Which one(s) is/are contraindicated in epilepsy
Options:
Malarone (atovaquone + proguanil),
Mefloquine, Chloroquine,
Doxycycline
Mefloquine + chloroquine contraindicated in epilepsy
Mefloquine also contraindicated in depression
Malaria prophylaxis:
Which ones can be used in pregnancy
Options:
Malarone (atovaquone + proguanil),
Mefloquine, Chloroquine,
Doxycycline
Proguanil or
chloroquine
Note proguanil is folate antagonist - need folate supplements
Malaria treatment for Falciparum
artemisinin-based combination therapy or chloroquine
Malaria treatment for vivax/ovale
Acute: artemisinin-based combination therapy or chloroquine
After: Primaquine (to destroy dormant liver hypnozoites)
Causes of bloody diarrhoea
-Salmonella
-Shigella
-Amoebiasis (also painful)
-Campylobacter (also painful)
Common cause of diarrhoea lasting >2 weeks
What is its treatment
Giardasis
Tx: metronidazole
Treatment for campylobacter
Campylobacter
Tx: Clarithromycin
Which cause of diarrhoea is associated with blanching rose spots
Typhoid fever
Also causes hepatosplenomegaly
Chancre vs chancroid - features and which infection causes these
Chancre - painless, part of syphilis (treponema pallidum).
Associated with non-tender lymphadenopathy
Chancroid -painful, more ragged border, due to haemophilus ducreyi
Associated with painful lymphadenopathy
HPV - which ones associated with genital warts
HPV 6 & 11 associated with genital warts
HPV - which ones associated with cervical cancer
HPV 16 & 18 associated with cancer
Most common cause of IECOPD vs pneumonia
IECOPD: Haemophilus influenza
Pneumonia: Strep pneumonia
Post exposure prophylaxis -Hep A
Hep A vaccine
(Human normal immunoglobulin if Hep A vaccine not suitable/ immunosuppressed)
Post exposure prophylaxis -Hep B
Depends on vaccination status
Responder: 1x booster dose
Non-reponder: booster vaccine + Hep B Immunoglobulin
In the midst of vaccine course: Consider Hep B Immunoglobulin, finish accelerated course
Post exposure prophylaxis -Hep C
No effective prophylaxis
Test at baseline, repeat HCV RNA at 6w & 12w post exposure, HCV Ab at 3m and 6m
Early referral for direct acting antiviral if positive
Post exposure prophylaxis -HIV
tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine (Truvada®) + raltegravir
Start within 72h post exposure. Course lasts 4 weeks, then retest at 12 weeks post exposure
Post-exposure prophylaxis -chickenpox
Only if IgG negative pregnant women/ immunosupressed
VZIG if within 10 days post exposure
Oral aciclovir after
Differentials for fever + maculopapular rash in recent travellor
-Dengue fever (South America, SEA)
-HIV seroconversion (anywhere)
-Zika (Africa)
Pneumoccocal vaccines - who gets boosters every 5y
CKD or splenectomy pts
Which atypical pneumonia is associated with erythema multiforme/ erythema nodosum/ haemolytic anaemia
Mycoplasma
When to send urine cultures in UTI
- Age >65yo
- Visible/non-visible haematuria
- Pregnant women -(need 7 days abx, also repeat culture for test of cure)
- Men (also need 7 days abx)
Malaria prophylaxis:
Which one(s) is/are taken weekly
Options:
Malarone (atovaquone + proguanil),
Mefloquine, Chloroquine,
Doxycycline
Mefloquine
Chloroquine
(both need to be continued for 4 weeks after return)
Post-splenectomy, patients are susceptible to infx with encapsulated bacteria. Which bacteria are these?
Yes - Some Nasty Killers Have Evolved Some Big Capsular Protection
* Yersinia pestis
* Streptococcus pneumoniae
* Neisseria meningitidis
* Klebsiella pnemoniae
* Haemophilus influenzae
* E. Coli
* Salmonella typhi
* B group strep (Strep. agalactiae)
* Cryptococcus neoformans
Pseudomonas aerigenosa
Which vaccinations are live
MMR IS BOY
MMR, Influenza (intranasal for children), Shingles, BCG, Oral rotavirus, Yellow fever
