Inguinal Region and Retroperitoneal structures

Question 1

Direction of inguinal canal

Answer 1

Inferomedial

Question 2

Position of inguinal canal in relation to inguinal ligament

Answer 2

Superior and parallel

Question 3

The inguinal canal serves as a pathway for structures from the … to the …

Answer 3

Abdominal wall

External genitalia

Question 4

Superior boundary of the inguinal canal

Answer 4

Transversalis fascia
Internal oblique muscles
Transversus abdominus muscles

Question 5

Posterior boundary of the inguinal canal

Answer 5

Transversalis fascia

Question 6

Inferior boundary of the inguinal canal

Answer 6

Inguinal ligament

Lacunar ligament

Question 7

Anterior boundary of the inguinal canal

Answer 7

Aponeurosis of the external oblique muscles

Internal oblique muscles

Question 8

What makes up the deep ring of the inguinal canal?

Answer 8

Transversalis fascia

Question 9

The deep ring of the inguinal canal is … , the superficial ring is … and marks the end of the canal

Answer 9

Internal

External

Question 10

All possible contents of the inguinal canal

Answer 10

Spermatic cord
Round ligament
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

Question 11

Contents of inguinal canal in males

Answer 11

Spermatic cord
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

Question 12

Contents of inguinal canal in females

Answer 12

Round ligament
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

Question 13

Kidneys:

Vertebral position of kidneys

Answer 13

T12-L3

Question 14

Kidneys:

Which of the kidneys typically lies lower and why?

Answer 14

Right

Presence of the liver

Question 15

Kidneys:

Layers of fat and fascia around the kidneys from deep to superficial

Answer 15

Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia
Pararenal fat

Question 16

Kidneys:

Two main divisions of renal parenchyma

Answer 16

Outer- cortex

Inner- medulla

Question 17

Kidneys:

The … extends into the … dividing it into triangular shapes known as …

Answer 17

Cortex
Medulla
Pyramids

Question 18

Kidneys:

The apex of a renal pyramid is known as a …

Answer 18

Renal papilla

Question 19

Kidneys:

Each renal papilla is associated with a structure known as the … which collects urine from the …

Answer 19

Minor calyx

Pyramid

Question 20

Kidneys:

Several minor calices merge to form a …

Answer 20

Major calyx

Question 21

Kidneys:
Urine passes through the major calices into the … , a flattened and funnel shaped structure. It then drains into the …

Answer 21

Renal pelvis

Ureter

Question 22

Kidneys:
The medial margin of each kidney is marked by a deep fissure known as the … . The … and … enter/exit via this structure

Answer 22

Renal hilum

Renal vessels, ureter

Question 23

Kidneys:
The kidneys are supplied with blood via the… which arise directly from the … immediately distal to the origin of the…

Answer 23

Renal arteries
Abdominal aorta
SMA

Question 24

Kidneys:

Which renal artery is longer and why?

Answer 24

Right

Crosses IVC as abdominal aorta lies slightly to the left

Question 25

Kidneys: | Divisions of the renal artery

Answer 25

Renal artery to anterior and posterior division to segmental arteries to interlobular arteries to arcuate arteries

Question 26

Kidneys: At the ... level, the renal artery forms an anterior and a posterior division, which carry ...% and ...% of the blood supply to the kidney, respectively

Answer 26

Hilum 75 25

Question 27

Kidneys: The kidneys are drained of venous blood by the left and right ... veins. They leave the renal hilum ... to the renal arteries, and empty directly into the ...

Answer 27

Renal Anteriorly IVC

Question 28

Kidneys: | Lymph from the kidney drains into the ... lymph nodes, which are located at the origin of ...

Answer 28

Lateral aortic | The renal arteries

Question 29

Ureters: The ureters arise from the ... which receives urine from the ... The point at which the renal pelvis narrows to form the ureter is known as the ...

Answer 29

Renal pelvis Major calices Ureteropelvic junction

Question 30

Ureters: Upon reaching the bladder wall, the ureters pierce its lateral aspect in an oblique manner. This creates a ... , where high intramural pressure collapses the ureters – preventing ...

Answer 30

Valve | Backflow of urine

Question 31

What is the arterial supply of the ureter in the abdomen?

Answer 31

Renal artery Testicular/ovarian artery Ureteral branches of abdominal aorta

Question 32

What is the arterial supply of the ureter in the pelvis?

Answer 32

Superior and inferior vesical arteries

Question 33

Nervous supply to the ureters is delivered via the ..., ... and ... plexuses

Answer 33

Renal Testicular/ovarian Hypogastric plexuses

Question 34

Adrenal Glands: | The adrenal glands secrete ... and ... hormones

Answer 34

Steroid | Catecholamine

Question 35

Adrenal Glands: | What type of gland?

Answer 35

Endocrine- directly into blood

Question 36

Adrenal Glands: What shape is the left gland? What shape is the right gland?

Answer 36

Semi lunar | Pyramidal

Question 37

Adrenal Glands: | What are the 3 parts each gland consists of?

Answer 37

Outer connective tissue capsule Cortex Medulla

Question 38

Adrenal Glands: | What are the 3 regions of the cortex from superficial to deep?

Answer 38

Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis

Question 39

Adrenal Glands: | What are the 3 main arteries to each gland

Answer 39

Superior adrenal artery – arises from the inferior phrenic artery Middle adrenal artery – arises from the abdominal aorta. Inferior adrenal artery – arises from the renal arteries

Question 40

Innervation of the adrenal glands

Answer 40

Coeliac plexus | Greater splanchnic nerves