Inhalation Anesthetics Flashcards by Marli Verbanes

Carrier gas for inhalants

Oxygen

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Concentration of anesthesia in the body is changed by adjusting the

vaporizer

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Inhalants are eliminated by the

lungs

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Inhalants provide analgesic effects by creating

unconsciousness

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This is needed in order to convert the liquid to a gas

Vaporizer

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To induce an animal, dials are set

higher concentrations

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For maintenance, dials should be adjusted to

lower concentrations

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For recovery, dials are _______ ___ in order to reverse anesthetic effects

turned off

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Oxygen is color coated in

green tanks

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Oxygen tanks are attached to the machine by the

yoke

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A full E oxygen tank will last approximately

11 hrs

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A full H oxygen tank will last approximately

110 hrs

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An full E tank of oxygen contains

700 L

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A full H tank of oxygen contains

7000 L

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When the pressure in falls below ____ psi, change the tank

500

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For many years, this was the most widely used anesthetic because of several desirable effects
Minimal <3 and respiratory effects
Good muscle relaxation

Diethyl Ether

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This is a tracheal irritant that causes prolonged induction and recovery
Post op nausea and V+
Flammable and explosive

Diethyl Ether

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Most commonly used Halogenated compounds

Isoflurane and sevoflurane

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Halogenated agents are ________ at room temperature

liquid

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The rate of diffusion of inhalants depends on 2 things

Lipid solubility

2. Concentration gradient

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Mixed with O2, the anesthetic gas diffuses across the

alveolar membranes

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3 methods of inhalant delivery

Mask
Induction chamber
Intubation

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This method of delivery is easy if animal is docile and calm

(-) Can’t do if airway problems exist, can’t effectively ventilate the pt, and causes more waste gas

Mask induction

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This method of delivery is when you don’t have to be near the animal to deliver the inhalant
(-) Cant monitor well, excessive waste gas, and size limitation of pt

Induction Chamber

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This method of delivery gives you an airway to ventilate and greater depth control, protects against aspiration, and produces less waste gas (-) Requires skill

Intubation

Inhalants are carried to the tissues by way of the

blood

Because of high ______ solubility, the agents readily leave the blood and enter the brain

lipid

Anesthesia is maintained as long as the concentration in the _____ is adequate

brain

Isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane undergo minimal ______ metabolism

liver

If an agent has high lipid solubility, it will accumulate in

body fat

It is not acceptable to _____ inhalants in the same vaporizer

combine

It is okay to ___ from one inhalant to another

switch

This measures the tendency of a liquid anesthetic to evaporate

Vapor Pressure

Increased VP =

The faster it evaporates

Allow for precise delivery of anesthetic agent

Precision vaporizer

An inhalant is considered volatile if it

evaporates easily

A ratio of the concentration of an inhalant in the blood and the alveoli

Solubility Coefficient | OR Partition coefficient

An agent with low solubility

enters and leaves the blood quickly

An agent with high solubility

stays in the blood, and doesn't leave quickly

Rapid induction and recovery along with rapid response to changes in concentration during maintenance

Low partition/solubility coefficient

Slow induction and recovery, with slower responses to concentration changes during maintenance

High partition/solubility coefficient

MAC

Minimum Alveolar Concentration

The lowest concentration at which 50% of patients show no response to a painful stimulus

MAC

The lower the MAC, the

more potent the inhalant is

The higher the MAC the

weaker the inhalant

If an inhalant is more potent, we need

less

If an inhalant has a low MAC, then you will need ____ dial settings

lower

The ideal agent's VP, SC, AND MAC

VP: Lower SC: Lower MAC: Lower

Stored in purple containers

Isoflurane

High VP, extremely low SC, and Moderately low MAC (1.3%-1.63%) Approved for use in dogs and horses, but used in a variety of species Pungent odor, so it's difficult to mask pts Little to no analgesic effect

Isoflurane

Isoflurane is the choice inhalant for

cardiac pts

Isoflurane's liver metabolism %age

0.2%

Stored in yellow containers

Sevoflurane

Second most commonly used inhalant Labeled for use in dogs, but used in other species Non-irritating and has a more pleasant odor

Sevoflurane

10x more expensive than Isoflurane

Sevoflurane

High VP, Extremely low SC, and MAC is 2.34-2.58%

Sevoflurane

This inhalant causes renal damage in rats

sevoflurane

Biotransformation of sevoflurane

2.5%

Sevoflurane has a ______ SC than Isoflurane

lower

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Due to expense and some adverse effects, it is not commonly used in veterinary medicine "One breath" anesthesia Very pungent odor, causes C+ and breath-holding

Desflurane

Desflurane has an extremely high VP so it requires a special

vaporizer

Extremely high VP, Very high MAC, Lowest SC

Desflurane

Biotransformation of Desflurane

0.02%

Recently became unavailable in the US and was replaced with Isoflurane and Sevoflurane Myocardial depressant Associated with malignant hyperthermia

Halothane

Hyperthermia is most common in

swine

High VP, Moderately Low SC, and VERY low MAC

Halothane

Biotransformation of Halothane

20-46%

Halothane is most likely to cause ___________ in dogs

<3 arrhythmias

No longer commercially available in North America Requires a non-precision vaporizer High lipid solubility, retained into fat stores

Methoxyflurane

Low VP, considerably high SC, and low MAC

Methoxyflurane

Used in human medicine, has not found acceptance in veterinary medicine Rapid induction and recovery Profound resp. depression Causes muscle hyperactivity in dogs

Enflurane

Stored in blue containers

Nitrous Oxide

Still used in human medicine, but lesser in veterinary medicine "Laughing gas" Second-gas effect to speed induction with other inhalants NOT an anesthetic, it's an analgesic

Nitrous Oxide

Nitrous Oxide is a _____ at room temp

gas

MAC level of Nitrous Oxide

200-250%

Nitrous Oxide should not be used in what type of pts?

intestinal obstruction, GDV, pneumothorax, and equine patients

Patients should be kept on high ______ flow rates for 5 minutes after discontinuation of N2O to replace it in the blood and alveoli

Full tank pressure of N2O

745 psi

Prevents the flow of nitrous oxide if the oxygen flow stops for any reason

Automatic failsafe

This can result from low SC by waking up too fast | Give premeds to prevent

Emergence delirium

Relates to induction and recovery rates

Relates to precision and delivery method

Relates to potency

MAC

Inhalation Anesthetics Flashcards

(84 cards)