Injectable Anesthetic Agents and Techniques

Question 1

The effect of an IV anesthetic is usually detected in

Answer 1

30-60 sec

Question 2

How long after pre-medication should injectable anesthetics be given?

Answer 2

15-20 minutes

Question 3

Dissociatives
These anesthetics have high abuse potential and are used to cause selective CNS stimulation
Trance-like anesthetic where the animal looks awake but they are immobile and unaware
Analgesic effects on limbs and skin, but not visceral
Causes amnesia, muscle rigdity, and sensitivity to sound

Answer 3

Cyclohexamines

Question 4

At high doses, cyclohexamines can cause

Answer 4

seizures

Question 5

Cyclohexamines are often given with these type of drugs

Answer 5

muscle relaxers

Question 6

Cyclohexamines are least likely to cause _________ because they do not affect the cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Answer 6

hypotension

Question 7

Breath holding usually seen in cats with cyclohexamines

Answer 7

apneustic respiratory pattern

Question 8

Ketamine, Tiletamine, Telazol are all examples of this type of drugs

Answer 8

Cyclohexamines

Question 9

A cyclohexamine commonly used in dogs and cats

Only licensed for use in cats and subhuman primates

Answer 9

Ketamine

Question 10

Ketamine can be given _____ to fractious cats

Answer 10

orally

Question 11

Best route for Ketamine

Answer 11

IV

Question 12

This drug combo provides minimal <3 depression, good muscle relaxation, superior recovery, and some analgesia

Answer 12

Ket/Val

Question 13

Ketamine and Valium is given as a

Answer 13

50:50 mixture, IV injection

Question 14

This cyclohexamine is a newer drug similar to ketamine that is sold ONLY combined with Zolazepam (Telazol) in a powder
This is great for aggressive animals
Long, difficult recoveries in some animals

Answer 14

Tiletamine

Question 15

Tiletamine with Zolazepam
Controlled substance
Approved for IM use in dogs and cats and great immobilization of wildlife

Answer 15

Telazol

Question 16

AKA Diprivan
Ultra-short acting nonbarbituate that is milky white in appearance and effective IV only
Rapid onset and smooth recovery
Not a controlled substance

Answer 16

Propofol

Question 17

Propofol can be used to stop

Answer 17

seizures

Question 18

Propofol has poor _________ characteristics because it supports bacterial growth

Answer 18

storage

Question 19

Unused propofol should be discarded after how many hours?

Answer 19

6 hrs

Question 20

AKA amidate
A heart friendly drug used as a sedative/hypnotic
Induction agent of choice for cardio pts
Expensive

Answer 20

Etomidate

Question 21

A noncontrolled muscle relaxant that is commonly used in large animals for induction
Also an expectorant

Answer 21

Guaifenesin

Question 22

These are practical for use when general anesthesia is undesirable
Analogs of cocaine
Used for lg animals or calm and docile animals

Answer 22

Local anesthetics

Question 23

Interfere with the transmission of electrical impulses along the nerve fiber
These can be used to numb a region and reduce anesthetic risk
Help with pain by preventing nerve cell depolarization and act as local analgesics

Answer 23

Local anesthetics

Question 24

These types of local anesthetics can be sprayed or applied directly to MMs or on an open wound

Answer 24

Topical

Question 25

These types of local anesthetics can be injected around or into a small area but never into a nerve

Answer 25

Local/Infiltration

Question 26

These type of local anesthetics are injected around a major nerve bundle

Answer 26

Regionals

Question 27

This type of block is used as sprays or soaked gauze sponges placed in an open surgery site

Answer 27

Splash block

Question 28

This type of block works by injecting a local in proximity to a nerve to desensitize a particular anatomic site

Answer 28

Nerve block

Question 29

This type of block works by the line of a local completely encircles an anatomic part, such as a digit

Answer 29

Ring Block

Question 30

A type of block that works as an IV regional for short term use Lidocaine is injected into a distal vein after a tourniquet is placed proximal

Answer 30

Bier Block

Question 31

Injection into epidural space that is useful for caudal procedures and even post op pain relief

Answer 31

Epidural

Question 32

Where should an epidural be administered in dogs?

Answer 32

Between the L7 and sacrum

Question 33

Injection into the spinal column into the subarachnoid spavce

Answer 33

Spinal (intrathecal)

Question 34

These type of drugs will travel through the body based on volume, force, and body position

Answer 34

Regional anesthetics

Question 35

Cheap, easy to perform regional anesthetic that are great for caudal analgesia Pts are normally sedated

Answer 35

Epidurals

Question 36

AKA xylocaine A local anesthetic that can be used as a CRI to treat ventricular arrthymias Immediate onset and 2 hr duration May contain epinephrine

Answer 36

Lidocaine

Question 37

Lidocaine with epinephrine should be given IV to help control __________ and prolong the action of the local

Answer 37

bleeding

Question 38

AKA Marcaine SQ only Longest duration of action Great for declaws

Answer 38

Bupivicaine

Question 39

AKA carbocaine Immediate onset Similar to lidocaine

Answer 39

Mepivacaine

Question 40

AKA pontocaine 5-10 min onset 2 hr duration

Answer 40

Tetracaine

Question 41

These type of drugs paralyze respiratory muscles and serve NO ANALGESIC PURPOSES Used more often in human medicine than veterinary medicine AKA: muscle paralyzing agents/peripheral muscle relaxants

Answer 41

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBs)

Question 42

AKA anectine Depolarizing agent NO REVERSAL AGENT

Answer 42

Succinylcholine

Question 43

There are no reversal agents for these type of drugs

Answer 43

Depolarizing agents

Question 44

AKA Pavulon Non-depolarizing or "competitive" drug Can be reversed with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Answer 44

Pancuronium

Question 45

4 Local anesthetics

Answer 45

1. lidocaine 2. bupivicaine 3. mepivicaine 4. tetracaine

Question 46

3 Miscellaneous induction agents

Answer 46

1. Propofol 2. Etomidate 3. Guaifenesin

Question 47

2 NMB

Answer 47

1. succinylcholine | 2. pancuronium

Question 48

2 Cyclohexamines

Answer 48

1. ketamine | 2. teletamine

Question 49

This cyclohexamine has the potential to induce seizures when given alone Causes muscle rigidity, and apneustic breathing patterns HR and BP are actually maintained

Answer 49

Ketamine

Question 50

This cyclohexamine causes long recoveries in some, but can go IM to sedate wildlife Controlled substance

Answer 50

Telazol

Question 51

The two drugs that make up telazol

Answer 51

Tiletamine and Zolazepam

Question 52

This hypnotic can cause hypotension, but it has smooth induction and recovery Used for induction NOT a controlled substance

Answer 52

Propofol

Question 53

This hypnotic is painful and goes IV only, but is heart friendly Used for the induction of sick cardiovascular pts Not a controlled substance

Answer 53

Etomidate

Question 54

Cyclohexamine used for muscle relaxation in horses and cattle Not a controlled substance Smooth recovery with pre-meds, and used in combo with other drugs

Answer 54

Guafenesin