Inheritance 0-10 questions Flashcards
What is meiosis?
Cell division that produces cells with half the normal number of chromosomes
Which cells are the gametes in animals and plants?
Animal = egg, sperm Plant = egg, pollen
What are the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical cells but sexual reproduction produces genetically different cells
What is a gene?
A small section of DNA found on a chromosome. It codes for a protein
What is an allele?
The different versions of the same gene. They can be dominant or recessive
What is a homozygous genotype?
Two of the same allele
What is a heterozygous genotype?
Two different alleles
What is a phenotype?
The characteristic you have due to your genotype (combination or alleles)
What is polydactyly and what causes it?
It is a genetic disorder where a baby is born with extra fingers or toes. It is caused by a dominant allele
What is cystic fibrosis and what causes it?
It is a genetic disorder where the body produces lots of sticky mucus. It is caused by recessive alleles
How many pairs of chromosomes are contained in the nucleus of a human body cell?
23
What arrangement of sex chromosomes (X and Y) occur in males and females?
Male = XY Female = XX
What causes variation across the individuals in a population?
Genes and the environment
