Inheritance

Question 1

What is the basic unit of heredity?

Answer 1

Gene

Question 2

True or False: Phenotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The physical expression of a trait, including both genotype and environmental influence is called the __________.

Answer 3

Phenotype

Question 4

What is the term for an organism’s genetic makeup?

Answer 4

Genotype

Question 5

In a monohybrid cross, what ratio is typically expected in the F2 generation?

Answer 5

3:1

Question 6

Which type of allele is expressed in the phenotype if present?

Answer 6

Dominant

Question 7

What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross?

Answer 7

9:3:3:1

Question 8

True or False: Recessive alleles are only expressed in the phenotype when homozygous.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is a test cross used for?

Answer 9

To determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype.

Question 10

Define incomplete dominance.

Answer 10

A situation where the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of the homozygotes.

Question 11

What is codominance?

Answer 11

A situation where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: A __________ is a graphical representation of the inheritance of traits through generations.

Answer 12

Pedigree

Question 13

What does the term ‘homozygous’ mean?

Answer 13

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

Question 14

What does the term ‘heterozygous’ mean?

Answer 14

Having two different alleles for a particular gene.

Question 15

True or False: Sex-linked traits are usually located on the Y chromosome.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What is the expected ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents?

Answer 16

1:2:1

Question 17

Define polygenic inheritance.

Answer 17

Inheritance of traits that are controlled by two or more genes.

Question 18

What is an example of a trait that exhibits incomplete dominance?

Answer 18

Flower color in snapdragons.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the observable characteristic of an organism.

Answer 19

Phenotype

Question 20

What pattern of inheritance does blood type follow?

Answer 20

Codominance and multiple alleles.

Question 21

True or False: Environmental factors can influence gene expression.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What is the significance of the Punnett square?

Answer 22

It predicts the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

Question 23

What does the term ‘allele’ refer to?

Answer 23

Different versions of a gene.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The observable traits of an organism are influenced by its __________.

Answer 24

Genotype

Question 25

What is a carrier in genetics?

Answer 25

An individual who has one copy of a recessive allele and does not exhibit the trait.

Question 26

What is the purpose of a pedigree chart?

Answer 26

To trace the inheritance of a trait through a family.

Question 27

True or False: All genes have only two alleles.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive trait?

Answer 28

A dominant trait is expressed in the phenotype if at least one dominant allele is present, while a recessive trait is expressed only when two recessive alleles are present.

Question 29

What does it mean for a trait to be sex-linked?

Answer 29

The trait is associated with a gene located on a sex chromosome.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which genetic information is passed from parents to offspring.

Answer 30

Heredity

Question 31

What is the role of the SRY gene?

Answer 31

It determines male sex development.