Inheritance patterns Flashcards
(16 cards)
1
Q
blending theory
A
- offspring phenotypes are a blend of the parental traits
2
Q
the particulate theory of inheritance
A
- developed by Mendel
- treats are inherited as ‘particles’, with offspring inheriting a particle from each parent
3
Q
the law of segregation
A
- two copies of the same gene separate during gamete formation, each gamete only receives one copy
- allele combinations can be predicted w/ a punnet square
4
Q
monohybrid crosses
A
- cross parental varieties w/ contrasting traits for a single character
5
Q
dihybrid crosses
A
- testing inheritance patterns with two genes
6
Q
law of independent assortment
A
- copies of different genes assort independently
- now understood in the context of meiosis
7
Q
key to Mendel’s success
A
- true breeding lines
- large sample sizes
8
Q
true breeding lines
A
- Mendel had self-fertilised and selected peas for generations
- this led to offspring being consistently identical to parent
- not a real population so had binary, predictable traits
9
Q
large sample sizes
A
- could count many progeny, able to see a clear pattern
10
Q
when two independent events happening together, you…
A
multiply the probabilities
11
Q
to work out the probability that an event can occur in two ways, you…
A
add the individual probabilities
12
Q
genetic chimerism
A
- having cells from two different sources
- violates typical inheritance patterns
13
Q
tetragametic zygote
A
- fraternal embryos fusing
14
Q
microchimerism
A
I only a small portion of tissues are chimeric
- e.g. blood transfusions
15
Q
twin chimerism
A
- twins exchange cells when sharing placenta
- causes blend of genetic material
16
Q
conjugation
A
- prokaryote sexual process of transferring genes between cells
- sex pilus extends from one cell to another
- genetic material passes through conjugation tube
- no reciprocal transfer
