Inheritance + Populations Flashcards
Genotype
The genetic constitution of an organism
Phenotype
The expression of the genes + its interaction with the environment
Homozygous
A pair of homologous chromosomes carrying the same allele for a single gene
Heterozygous
A pair of homologous chromosomes carrying 2 different alleles from a single gene
Recessive
An allele only expressed when no dominant allele is present
Dominant
An allele that will always be expressed in the phenotype
Codominant
Both alleles are equally dominant + expressed in the phenotype
Multiple alleles
More than 2 alleles for a single gene
Sex-linkage
A gene whose locus is on the X chromosome
Autosomal linkage
Genes that are located on the same chromosome (not sex chromosome)
Epistasis
When one gene modifies or masks the expression of a different gene at a different locus
Monohybrid
Genetic inheritance cross of a characteristic determined by one gene
Dihybrid
Genetic inheritance cross for a characteristic determined by 2 genes
Gene pool
All the alleles of all the genes within a population at one time
Population
Group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space at a particular time that can potentially interbreed
Allele frequency
Proportion of an allele within the gene pool
Hardy-Weinberg principle
p+q=1
p² +2pq+q² =1
p= frequency of dominant allele
q= frequency of recessive allele
p² = frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
2pq = frequency of heterozygous genotype
q² = frequency of homozygous recessive genotype
