Injectable Anesthetics

Question 1

What drugs are categorized under Barbiturates?

Answer 1

Thiopental
Methohexital
Pentobarbital

Question 2

Ketamine and Tiletamine are part of what subclass?

Answer 2

Dissociative Anesthetics

Question 3

Etomidate is part of what subclass?

Answer 3

Imidazole Anesthetics

Question 4

What receptor does Thiopental work at?

Answer 4

GABA

Question 5

What receptor does Methohexital work at?

Answer 5

GABA

Question 6

What receptor does Pentobarbital work at?

Answer 6

GABA

Question 7

What receptor does Propofol work at?

Answer 7

GABA

Question 8

What receptor does Alphaxalone work at?

Answer 8

GABA

Question 9

What receptor does Ketamine work at?

Answer 9

NMDA antagonist

Question 10

What receptor does Tiletamine work at?

Answer 10

NMDA antagonist

Question 11

What receptor does Etomidate work at?

Answer 11

GABA

Question 12

Clinical uses for Thiopental

Answer 12

Induction of anesthesia

Question 13

Clinical uses for Methohexital

Answer 13

Induction of anesthesia in Greyhounds

Question 14

Clinical uses for Pentobarbital

Answer 14

Euthanasia

Question 15

Clinical uses for Propofol

Answer 15

Anesthesia (fast onset, short acting)
CRI (wears off quickly)
Anticonvulsant

Question 16

Clinical uses for Alphaxalone

Answer 16

Rapid induction and recovery

Better for cats (not available in the US)

Question 17

Clinical uses for Ketamine

Answer 17

Used in cats and monkeys
Restraint
Induction of anesthesia
Anesthesia for minor surgery

Question 18

Clinical uses for Tiletamine

Answer 18

Used in cats and dogs
Restraint
Induction of anesthesia
Anesthesia for minor surgery

Question 19

Clinical uses for Etomidate

Answer 19

Induction of patients with cardiac disease

Cardiovascular stability

Question 20

Side effects of Barbiturates

Answer 20

Excitement (give sedative)
Decreased intracranial pressure (except Methohexital)
Respiratory depression (in fetus too)
Cardiac depression
Hypothermia
Muscle relaxation
Long recovery
Excitement in horses

Question 21

Side effects of Propofol and Alphaxalone

Answer 21

Hypotension: no reflex tachycardia with Propofol, reflex tachycardia with Alphaxalone
Decreased intracranial pressure
Decreased metabolic O2 consumption
Apnea

Question 22

Side effects of Dissociative Anesthetics

Answer 22

Cardio stimulation
Muscle tremors and hypertonicity
Respiratory depression at high dose
Increased heart rate and blood pressure initially
Increased intracranial pressure

Question 23

Side effects of Etomidate

Answer 23

Decreased intracranial and intraocular pressure
Decreased cerebral flow
Decreased metabolic O2 consumption
NO CRI
Adrenal suppression

Question 24

Contraindications of Barbiturates

Answer 24

Greyhounds - don’t have oxidative enzymes so stays around longer
Reflex tachycardia - not good for heart disease
CROSSES PLACENTA

Question 25

Contraindications of Propofol

Answer 25

Local pain on injection | Heinz body formation with long-term use

Question 26

Contraindications of Alphaxalone

Answer 26

Hypotension | Decreased epinephrine induced arrhythmias

Question 27

Contraindications of Dissociative Anesthetics

Answer 27

Cardiac disease Liver and kidney disease Head trauma (because of increased intracranial pressure) Glaucoma (because of increased intracranial pressure)

Question 28

Contraindications of Etomidate

Answer 28

Generalized tonic/clonic seizures | Hyopadrenocorticism

Question 29

Special considerations for Thiopental

Answer 29

Ultra short acting

Question 30

Special considerations for Methohexital

Answer 30

Ultra short acting

Question 31

Special considerations for Pentobarbital

Answer 31

Lasts 1-2 hours

Question 32

Special considerations for Propofol

Answer 32

"White drug" Good for CNS diseased patients Fast induction, no accumulation Propoflo 28 is stable for 28 days

Question 33

Special considerations for Alphaxalone

Answer 33

Fast induction, no accumulation

Question 34

Special considerations for Dissociative Anesthetics

Answer 34

Cover eyes Good PO and rectal absorption F = ~40%

Question 35

Special considerations for Etomidate

Answer 35

Slow onset Increased likelihood of seizures Bad for epilepsy