Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology 1 > Opioids > Flashcards

Opioids Flashcards

1
Q

What is neuroleptanalgesia?

A

Combining dissociative with an analgesic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F: Opioids increase gut motility

A

False

Don’t give if the animal has a toxin or bacterial infection in the gut - increased absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: Opioids cause constipation

A

True

they slow gut motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Common Opioid effects in dogs

A

CNS depression
decreased motor activity
decreased temperature set point
hypothermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Common Opioid effects in cats/horses

A

CNS stimulation (use with sedative)
mydriasis
increased temperature set point
hyperthermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: Opioids are contraindicated in patients with head trauma

A

True:
decreased sensitivity to CO2 levels in the blood causing decreased respiration rate, increased CO2 in the brain causing vasodilation and increased intracranial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What Opioids should be used to induce emesis in dogs? cats?

A 
Dogs = morphine
Cats = Xylazine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Full µ agonists

A

Most clinically useful
will cause anesthesia
no ceiling effect
not as good for chronic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Partial µ agonists

A

Never reach same effectiveness as full µ agonist

ceiling effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mixed agonist/antagonists

A

Activate some opioid receptors and block others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Full opioid antagonists

A

Block all opioid receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: Opioids have a large Vd

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the route of administration of opioids?

A

IM, IV, PO (variable absorption)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are opioids metabolized?

A

Liver - glucuronic acid in dogs, sulfuric acid in cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the opioid scheduling?

A

Most full µ agonists = Class 2
Buprenorphone = Class 3
Butorphenol, Tramadol = Class 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clinical uses of Morphine

A

Analgesia
Preanesthetic
Histamine release (IV in dogs)
Emesis in dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clinical uses of Codeine and Hydrocodone

A

Antitussive (Codeine is not used in vet med)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Clinical uses of Hydromorphone and Oxymorphone

A

Analgesia

Preanesthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Clinical uses of Methadone

A

Used in treating Heroine addiction

Analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Clinical uses of Fentanyl

A

Analgesia (great for severe pain)

Preanesthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Clinical uses of Carfentanil

A

Analgesia

Immobilization dart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Special considerations for Fentanyl

A

Very potent
Lipophilic (crosses the BBB - high Vd)
CRI (fast onset, short duration)
Transdermal patch (long onset, long duration)

23
Q

Special considerations for Hydromorphone

A

Less histamine release than Morphine
Lipophilic
Potent
Less expensive than Oxymorphone

24
Q

Special considerations for Oxymorphone

A

Less histamine release and emesis than Morphine
Approved for dogs and cats
Expensive

25
Special considerations for Carfentanil
10,000x stronger than Morphine = must have a reversal agent (Naloxone, Naltrexone)
26
Side effects of Opioids in dogs
CNS depression, motor depression, decreased temperature set point (hypothermia), miosis, bradycardia, panting at low doses, antitussive (Hydrocodone), constipation, histamine release
27
Side effects of Opioids in cats and horses
CNS excitement, convulsion and seizures, increases temperature set point (hyperthermia), mydriasis, antitussive (hydrocodone), constipation, histamine release
28
Contraindications of Opioids
Head injury, severe cardiac depression, may need oxygen supplement, toxemia/bacT infection (because they decrease gut motility which would be beneficial for bacteria)
29
What receptors does Beprenorphine influence?
partial agonist: µ agonist k antagonist
30
What receptors does Butorphanol influence?
mixed agonist: µ agonist/antagonist k agonist
31
What receptors does Etorphine/M99 influence?
µ, k, delta agonist
32
What receptors does Naloxone influence?
µ > k = delta competitive antagonist
33
What receptors does Nalmefene influence?
µ > k = delta competitive antagonist
34
What receptors does Naltrexone influence?
µ = k = delta competitive antagonists
35
What receptors does Diprenorphine influence?
µ = k = delta competitive antagonists
36
What receptors does Tramadol influence?
M1 antagonist, µ agonist (weak)
37
What receptors does Apomorphine influence?
dopamine (D2) agonist
38
Clinical uses of Buprenorphine
Neuroleptanalgesia with Acepromazine or Xylazine
39
Clinical uses of Butorphanol
``` Pre-anesthetic with a sedative Analgesia (cats, dogs, horses) Antitussive in dogs Visceral pain because it is a mixed opioid you can use it to reverse Morphine post-op to relieve some symptoms of Morphine but still getting the analgesic benefits of Butorphanol ```
40
Clinical uses of Etorphine/M99
Immobilization dart
41
Clinical uses of Naloxone
Reverse respiratory and CNS depression caused by any µ agonist
42
Clinical uses of Nalmefene
Reverse respiratory and CNs depression caused by any µ agonist (same as Naloxone but is longer acting)
43
Clinical uses of Naltrexone
Reverse Carfentanil
44
Clinical uses of Diprenorphine
Reverse Etorphine
45
Clinical uses of Tramadol
Analgesia (dog/cat) Antitussive Give PO
46
Clinical uses of Apomorphine
Low dose = emesis (treat poisoning) | High dose = Antiemesis
47
Side effects of Tramadol
Lowers seizure threshold
48
T/F: There is no ceiling effect with mixed or partial agonists
False: | There is no ceiling effect with full µ agonists, but there is a ceiling effect with mixed and partial agonists
49
Contraindications for Tramadol
Avoid using unless you know the patient does or doesn't have seizures Do not use other SSRI drugs (MAO inhibitors) because it is already an SSRI
50
T/F: Naloxone will reverse the effects of Apomorphine
False: | Apomorphine has its effect at dopamine receptors while Naloxone works on µ receptors
51
Special considerations for Buprenorphine
More potent than Morphine, slow onset, long duration | Good to use in cats so you don't have to dose them as often because they are crazy bastards
52
Special considerations for Naloxone
Rapid onset, short duration - may re-dose
53
Special considerations for Tramadol
Don't give with other opioids because it will block µ from having full effect
54
Special considerations for Apomorphine
IO, IV, IM, SQ | DON'T USE IN CATS

Pharmacology 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions