Injuries test Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are cuts
Cuts are commonly caused by sharp edges or objects which cut across the surface of the skin
causing it to split. A cut is a puncture to an area of skin, resulting in a separation of the connective tissue.
What is an abrasion
Abrasions, also known as grazes are caused by friction between the skin and another surface.
A graze is an abrasion to the upper skin layer which occurs after falling on or scraping a rough
surface.
Where can cuts and abrasions occur
Cuts and abrasions can happen on almost any area of the body.
What are common examples of sports in which cuts or abrasions can occur
Football - Skin injuries on the knee, upper shin and the outside of the hip or upper outside
leg. These are likely to happen from slide tackles, a follow through of the studs on the bottom
of the shoe, a goalkeeper diving to save a shot.
Volleyball - Abrasions on the knees and elbows from diving to return the ball.
Basketball - Skin injuries from getting cut from fingernails when challenging for the ball or
jumping for the basket. Cuts to the eye from accidental elbows.
Boxing - Cuts on the eyes and lips from being hit by opponents gloves.
What are signs and symptoms of cuts or abrasions
● Bleeding or oozing of blood.
● Redness around the area
● Swelling around the area
● Mild pain, stinging or burning and tenderness.
● Heat around the wound
● Skin discoloration.
● Fluid (pink to clear) leaking from the wound.
How do you treat a cut or abrasion
Firstly to stop the bleeding.
1) Clean hands first with hand sanitiser or (use rubber gloves if they are available)
2) Use a clean, dry cloth to apply pressure directly to the wound.
3) If the wound is on an arm or leg, elevate the limb above the level of the heart while
applying pressure, to slow the flow of blood.
4) Apply pressure for five minutes.
5) Thoroughly clean the wound with water to reduce the risk of infection
6) After removing pressure, the bleeding should have slowed to a trickle or have stopped
altogether.
7) If bleeding has stopped or slowed, rinse the wound and surrounding area with water.
8) If you can see any dirt or debris in the wound, use tweezers (cleaned first with hot
water, alcohol swabs or sanitiser lotion) to remove any particles.
9) Cover the wound with a dressing (e.g. Band-Aid) or a small bandage. This will help to
keep the wound clean and will protect the area from further knocks as it heals.
Keeping the wound covered also keeps the wound moist, which aids healing.
What is an ankle sprain
A sprained ankle is an injury that occurs when you roll, twist or turn your ankle in an awkward
way. This can stretch or tear the tough bands of tissue (ligaments) that help hold your ankle
bones together.
What are ligaments
Ligaments help stabilise joints, preventing excessive movement. A sprained ankle occurs when
the ligaments are forced beyond their normal range of motion. Most sprained ankles involve
injuries to the ligaments on the outer side of the ankle.
What are the three types of ankle sprains
- Grade I Ankle Sprain – lateral ligaments are strained (overstretched)
- Grade II Ankle Sprain – partial tearing of one or several of these ligaments.
- Grade III Ankle Sprain – complete rupture (tear) one or more of the lateral ligaments.
What are causes of an ankle sprain
*A fall that causes your ankle to twist
* Landing awkwardly on your foot after jumping or pivoting
* Walking or exercising on an uneven surface
* Another person stepping or landing on your foot during a sports activity
What are the signs and symptoms of an ankle sprain
Pain, especially when you bear weight on the affected foot
* Tenderness when you touch the ankle
* Swelling
* Bruising
* Restricted range of motion
* Instability in the ankle
* Popping sensation or sound at the time of injury
What are factors that increase ur risk of getting an ankle sprain
Sports participation. Ankle sprains are a common sports injury, particularly in sports
that require jumping, cutting action, or rolling or twisting of the foot such as basketball,
tennis, football, soccer and trail running.
* Uneven surfaces. Walking or running on uneven surfaces or poor field conditions may
increase the risk of an ankle sprain.
* Prior ankle injury. Once you’ve sprained your ankle or had another type of ankle injury,
you’re more likely to sprain it again.
* Poor physical condition. Poor strength or flexibility in the ankles may increase the risk
of a sprain when participating in sports.
* Improper shoes. Shoes that don’t fit properly or aren’t appropriate for an activity, as
well as high-heeled shoes in general, make ankles more vulnerable to injury
Prevention for ankle sprains
- Warm up before you exercise or play sports.
- Be careful when walking, running or working on an uneven surface.
- Use an ankle support brace or tape on a weak or previously injured ankle.
- Wear shoes that fit well and are made for your activity.
- Minimise wearing high-heeled shoes.
- Don’t play sports or participate in activities for which you are not conditioned.
- Maintain good muscle strength and flexibility.
- Practice stability training, including balance exercises.
How do you heal the ankle
For the majority of ankle sprains, healthcare providers recommend using the PRICE method for
the first 24-48 hours after injury. PRICE stands for protection, rest, ice, compression and
elevation.
* Protection. Use crutches or apply a splint or brace to limit use of your injured ankle.
* Rest. Limit physical activities that may cause stress to the sprain (no running, jumping,
exercising).
* Ice. Apply ice or a cold pack in a towel to your ankle in 20-minute increments to reduce
swelling.
* Compression. Gently wrap your ankle in an elastic bandage to help decrease swelling.
* Elevation. Raise your ankle on pillows while you’re sitting or lying down so that it’s
higher than your heart.
If your sprain is very painful and swollen or you’re having trouble walking and putting pressure
on your ankle, visit your healthcare provider for treatment.
What is the recovery time for an ankle sprain
The recovery time for a sprained ankle varies depending on the severity of your injury. It may
take anywhere from two weeks to heal a minor sprain and anywhere from six to 12 weeks to
heal a severe sprain.
What is a head injury
A head injury is a broad term that describes a vast array of injuries that occur to the scalp, skull, brain,
and the inside tissue and blood vessels in the head. Head injuries are also referred to as brain injury, or
traumatic brain injury (TBI), depending on the extent of the head trauma.
What is a concussion and what causes it
A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury—or TBI—caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or
by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. A
what are the three causes of a truamatic brain injury
A direct impact, a blast injury, and an acceleration-deceleration injury
what is a direct impact injury caused by
Direct impact injury is caused by the collision of the head with a moving or stationary object
what is a blast injury caused by
A blast injury results from direct or indirect exposure to an explosion
what is an acceleration deceleration injury caused by
Acceleration-deceleration injury occurs when the head suddenly moves in an unnatural and
violent manner. As a result, the brain can slide around inside of the skull, resulting in shearing
and blunt force injuries
concussion protocol in school
Your parents and
school staff will help you make a plan called Concussion Protocol so that you can ease back into school
life. You are cleared to go back to school when you can tolerate your symptoms for about 30–45 minutes
and you’re cleared by your healthcare provider.
- starting with a shorter school day
● taking rest breaks
● avoiding activities that need concentration, such as quizzes or tests
● taking fewer classes
● having extra time for assignments, homework, quizzes, and tests
● tutoring
● school-provided class notes/study guides
● making schoolwork up during vacation
● wearing sunglasses due to light sensitivity
When you are cleared for school are you also cleared for sports
no, Even if you’re cleared for school, you may not be cleared for sports and other activities where you could
get another head injury. So stay out of sports, gym class, and other activities until your symptoms are
completely gone and your health care provider says it’s safe to return to sports.
How does a concussion affect one at school
● You might be more tired than usual.
● You may feel irritable, sad, or emotional.
● You might have trouble concentrating, thinking, or making decisions.
● You could have dizzy spells or headaches.
● You might have trouble with coordination and balance.
● You may have trouble learning new concepts or remembering what you’ve learned
