Injury Nomenclature

Question 1

Most elastic to least elastic

Answer 1

Skin/Fascia
Muscles
Tendon
Ligament/Capsule
Nerve
Bone

Question 2

macrotrauma

Answer 2

Occurs when a single force exceeds the tissue’s failure point

Question 3

-itis

Answer 3

inflammation

Question 4

-osis

Answer 4

degenerative change

Question 5

microtrauma

Answer 5

Occurs with repeated submaximal forces over time, and the tissues are unable to adapt

Question 6

Trauma Force: Tensile

Answer 6

“tearing”

Muscles, tendons, ligaments, and fascia are prone

Question 7

Trauma Force: Compression

Answer 7

Stresses applied at each end of structure (i.e. FOOSH)

Question 8

Trauma Force: Shear

Answer 8

Perpendicularly across the long axis; Results in Transverse fracture & Dislocation

Question 9

Trauma Force: Torsion

Answer 9

“twisting”

Result in fractures and sprains

Question 10

Trauma Force: Direct Blow

Answer 10

Blow directly to the body part

Results in: Contusion, Fractures, & Dislocations

Question 11

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Strains

Etiology

Answer 11

Tensile - non-contact w/excessive tension

“Dynamic Overload” – fibers can’t withstand force generated by muscle

Question 12

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Strains

1st Degree

Answer 12

Stretching of fibers or damage to myofibrils

Trauma to less than 5% of the MT unit

Question 13

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Strains

2nd Degree

Answer 13

Actual tearing of some muscle fibers, extracellular matrix, & fascia
More pronounced inflammatory response
Ecchymosis may be present

Question 14

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Strains

3rd Degree

Answer 14

Complete rupture of the muscle & blood vessels
Total loss of function
Palpable defect that can be obscured by swelling
Tissues become ischemic (insufficient blood flow)
Pain, swelling, & ecchymosis also present

Question 15

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Tendinitis

1st Degree

Answer 15

Slight dysfunction

Pain during activity

Question 16

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Tendinitis

2nd Degree

Answer 16

Decreased function

Pain after activity

Question 17

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Tendinitis

3rd Degree

Answer 17

Constant Pain

Prohibits activity

Question 18

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Contusions

DDx

Answer 18

Fracture
“Bone Bruise”
Superficial nerve damage

Question 19

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Contractures

Answer 19

Fibrosis of connective tissue in skin, fascia, muscle or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility or related tissue or joint

Question 20

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Heterotopic Ossification

Answer 20

Formerly “myositis ossificans”

Heterotopic = “in the wrong place

Question 21

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Heterotopic Ossification

Etiology

Answer 21

Genetic formation, neurological disease, etc.

Trauma – single, repeat, strain

Question 22

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Bursitis

Etiology

Answer 22

Friction or direct trauma

Disease state or increased stress

Question 23

Joint Structure Injuries: Sprains

1st Degree

Answer 23

Ligament is stretched with little or no tearing of its fibers
Firm end-point
Local pain, mild point tenderness, & slight swelling

Question 24

Joint Structure Injuries: Sprains

2nd Degree

Answer 24

Partial tearing of the ligament’s fibers
Joint laxity when stressed
Soft but definite end-point
Moderate pain & swelling

Question 25

Joint Structure Injuries: Sprains 3rd Degree

Answer 25

Ligament completely ruptured Gross joint laxity Empty or absent end-point Complete loss of function

Question 26

Joint Structure Injuries: Synovitis Etiology

Answer 26

Joint capsule or synovial membrane | Often secondary injury

Question 27

Salter-Harris SALTR

Answer 27

S- Straight Separation A- "Across" the metaphysis L- makes an "L" shape by going through the growth plate and out the epiphysis T- Through both epiphysis and metaphysis R- "Rammed" the epiphysis into metaphysis and causing the compression fracture

Question 28

Bony Injuries: Exostosis Etiology

Answer 28

``` Repeated stress (Attachment sites & spine) Wolff’s Law ```

Question 29

Wolff's Law

Answer 29

skeletal transformation is dependent on the exertion of pressures from outside of body (ie: Osgood Schlatter)

Question 30

Bony Injuries: Apophysitis Etiology

Answer 30

Growth plate inflammation - "growing pains"

Question 31

Fracture - Occult

Answer 31

Doesn't show up immediately on radiograph following trauma | May take several weeks

Question 32

Fracture - Nonunion

Answer 32

Fracture that fails to heal within 9 months of expected time required Bone healing is absent for 3 consecutive months

Question 33

Facture - Malunion

Answer 33

Healed fracture that are in a medically unacceptable position